java死锁原因和解决

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-05 13:14:43 发布

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分类专栏： Java并发 Java核心编程文章标签：多线程 java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44787816/article/details/119027728

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本文通过一个简单的Java代码示例解释了死锁的概念，展示了两个线程互相等待对方持有的资源导致的死锁状态。分析了死锁的四个必要条件，并提供了通过`jps`和`jstack`命令检查死锁的Java进程堆栈信息。解决死锁的方法是破坏这些条件之一。

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死锁

在这里插入图片描述

简单点来说，两个或两个以上的线程情景下，线程A持有锁资源A，但是还想要资源B，于是请求B锁，线程B持有锁资源B，但是还想要资源A，于是请求A锁。两者互不释放锁，又想获得对方资源。

死锁条件
1、请求保持
2、资源不可剥夺
3、资源互斥访问
4、循环等待

实例

public class DeadLock {


    public static void main(String[] args){

        String resourceA = "resourceA";
        String resourceB = "resourceB";

        new Thread(()->{
            synchronized (resourceA){
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" 已经获取到资源 "+resourceA);
                // 执行任务
                try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }

                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" 正在获取资源 "+resourceB);
                synchronized (resourceB){
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" 已经获取到资源 "+resourceB);
                }
            }
        },"A").start();

        new Thread(()->{
            synchronized (resourceB){
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" 已经获取到资源 "+resourceB);
                // 执行任务
                try { TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(1200); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }

                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" 正在获取资源 "+resourceA);
                synchronized (resourceA){
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" 已经获取到资源 "+resourceA);
                }
            }
        },"B").start();


    }

}

结果：

在这里插入图片描述
破环死锁，只需要破坏四个条件之一即可

查看进程的执行栈

以演示死锁为例

jps -l 查看java中进程列表
jstack 查看对应进程的执行栈

                                                                                       E:\Intellij IDEA\IDEAProject\test-01>jps -l
13920 org.jetbrains.kotlin.daemon.KotlinCompileDaemon
7796 com.xiaoxu.test_thread_pool.DeadLock
8948
16056 sun.tools.jps.Jps
12476 org.jetbrains.jps.cmdline.Launcher

E:\Intellij IDEA\IDEAProject\test-01>jstack 7796
2021-07-23 11:19:15
Full thread dump Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (25.91-b15 mixed mode):

"DestroyJavaVM" #14 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x00000000027e4000 nid=0x3770 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"B" #13 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x000000001a55b800 nid=0x3b0 waiting for monitor entry [0x000000001ae4f000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: BLOCKED (on object monitor)
        at com.xiaoxu.test_thread_pool.DeadLock.lambda$main$1(DeadLock.java:34)
        - waiting to lock <0x00000000d67b58a8> (a java.lang.String)
        - locked <0x00000000d67b58e8> (a java.lang.String)
        at com.xiaoxu.test_thread_pool.DeadLock$$Lambda$2/1702297201.run(Unknown Source)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

"A" #12 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x000000001a557800 nid=0x2524 waiting for monitor entry [0x000000001ad4f000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: BLOCKED (on object monitor)
        at com.xiaoxu.test_thread_pool.DeadLock.lambda$main$0(DeadLock.java:21)
        - waiting to lock <0x00000000d67b58e8> (a java.lang.String)
        - locked <0x00000000d67b58a8> (a java.lang.String)
        at com.xiaoxu.test_thread_pool.DeadLock$$Lambda$1/1896277646.run(Unknown Source)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

"Service Thread" #11 daemon prio=9 os_prio=0 tid=0x0000000019931000 nid=0x322c runnable [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"C1 CompilerThread3" #10 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x0000000019915800 nid=0x1910 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"C2 CompilerThread2" #9 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x000000001990f800 nid=0x288 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"C2 CompilerThread1" #8 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x0000000019908800 nid=0x1ad0 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"C2 CompilerThread0" #7 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x0000000019906000 nid=0x1c10 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"Monitor Ctrl-Break" #6 daemon prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x0000000019904800 nid=0x980 runnable [0x0000000019e4e000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
        at java.net.SocketInputStream.socketRead0(Native Method)
        at java.net.SocketInputStream.socketRead(SocketInputStream.java:116)
        at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:170)
        at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:141)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.readBytes(StreamDecoder.java:284)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.implRead(StreamDecoder.java:326)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.read(StreamDecoder.java:178)
        - locked <0x00000000d6850918> (a java.io.InputStreamReader)
        at java.io.InputStreamReader.read(InputStreamReader.java:184)
        at java.io.BufferedReader.fill(BufferedReader.java:161)
        at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:324)
        - locked <0x00000000d6850918> (a java.io.InputStreamReader)
        at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:389)
        at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMainV2$1.run(AppMainV2.java:64)

"Attach Listener" #5 daemon prio=5 os_prio=2 tid=0x00000000196df800 nid=0x3534 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"Signal Dispatcher" #4 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x000000001968a000 nid=0x3f3c runnable [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"Finalizer" #3 daemon prio=8 os_prio=1 tid=0x0000000019670800 nid=0x342c in Object.wait() [0x0000000019b4f000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
        at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
        - waiting on <0x00000000d6588ee0> (a java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock)
        at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:143)
        - locked <0x00000000d6588ee0> (a java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock)
        at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:164)
        at java.lang.ref.Finalizer$FinalizerThread.run(Finalizer.java:209)

"Reference Handler" #2 daemon prio=10 os_prio=2 tid=0x00000000028da000 nid=0x3228 in Object.wait() [0x000000001964f000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
        at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
        - waiting on <0x00000000d6586b50> (a java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock)
        at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:502)
        at java.lang.ref.Reference.tryHandlePending(Reference.java:191)
        - locked <0x00000000d6586b50> (a java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock)
        at java.lang.ref.Reference$ReferenceHandler.run(Reference.java:153)

"VM Thread" os_prio=2 tid=0x0000000017788800 nid=0x331c runnable

"GC task thread#0 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x00000000027fa000 nid=0xf4c runnable

"GC task thread#1 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x00000000027fc000 nid=0xfd0 runnable

"GC task thread#2 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x00000000027fd800 nid=0x1234 runnable

"GC task thread#3 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x00000000027ff000 nid=0x376c runnable

"GC task thread#4 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x0000000002802000 nid=0x30c8 runnable

"GC task thread#5 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x0000000002803000 nid=0x2a74 runnable

"GC task thread#6 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x0000000002806800 nid=0x1200 runnable

"GC task thread#7 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x0000000002807800 nid=0x120 runnable

"VM Periodic Task Thread" os_prio=2 tid=0x0000000019935800 nid=0x3e60 waiting on condition

JNI global references: 335


Found one Java-level deadlock:
=============================
"B":
  waiting to lock monitor 0x0000000017793608 (object 0x00000000d67b58a8, a java.lang.String),
  which is held by "A"
"A":
  waiting to lock monitor 0x0000000017790d78 (object 0x00000000d67b58e8, a java.lang.String),
  which is held by "B"

Java stack information for the threads listed above:
===================================================
"B":
        at com.xiaoxu.test_thread_pool.DeadLock.lambda$main$1(DeadLock.java:34)
        - waiting to lock <0x00000000d67b58a8> (a java.lang.String)
        - locked <0x00000000d67b58e8> (a java.lang.String)
        at com.xiaoxu.test_thread_pool.DeadLock$$Lambda$2/1702297201.run(Unknown Source)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
"A":
        at com.xiaoxu.test_thread_pool.DeadLock.lambda$main$0(DeadLock.java:21)
        - waiting to lock <0x00000000d67b58e8> (a java.lang.String)
        - locked <0x00000000d67b58a8> (a java.lang.String)
        at com.xiaoxu.test_thread_pool.DeadLock$$Lambda$1/1896277646.run(Unknown Source)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

Found 1 deadlock.