Java反射

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前言

Java的反射机制，可以使程序在运行过程中获取类信息；
我们经常使用的jdbc就是使用反射去加载的,展示:

Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");

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一、准备

1. 实体类

package org.example.po;

import java.util.Date;

/**
 * Create by zjg on 2024/4/5
 */
public class Car {
    public String name;
    private Date factoryDate;
    private int mileage;

    public Car() {
    }

    private Car(String name, Date factoryDate, int mileage) {
        this.name = name;
        this.factoryDate = factoryDate;
        this.mileage = mileage;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Date getFactoryDate() {
        return factoryDate;
    }

    public void setFactoryDate(Date factoryDate) {
        this.factoryDate = factoryDate;
    }

    public int getMileage() {
        return mileage;
    }

    public void setMileage(int mileage) {
        this.mileage = mileage;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Car{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", factoryDate=" + factoryDate +
                ", mileage=" + mileage +
                '}';
    }
    private int getBattery(){
        System.out.println("获取电池健康状态");
        return 100;
    }
}

二、反射

1. getClass

package org.example;

import org.example.po.Car;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Date;

/**
 * Create by zjg on 2024/4/5
 */
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Hello reflect!");
        try {
            getClass(args);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
    public static void getClass(String[] args)throws Exception {
        //1.获取class对象
        Class<Car> car1 = Car.class;
        System.out.println(car1);
        Class<? extends Car> car2 = new Car().getClass();
        System.out.println(car2);
        Class car3=Class.forName("org.example.po.Car");
        System.out.println(car3);
    }
}

Hello reflect!
class org.example.po.Car
class org.example.po.Car
class org.example.po.Car

2. getConstructor

package org.example;

import org.example.po.Car;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Date;

/**
 * Create by zjg on 2024/4/5
 */
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Hello reflect!");
        try {
            getConstructor();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
    public static void getConstructor()throws Exception{
        //2.获取Constructor
        //public
        Class<?> car = Class.forName("org.example.po.Car");
        Object o1 = car.getConstructor().newInstance();
        System.out.println(o1);
        //private
        Constructor<?> declaredConstructor = car.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, Date.class, int.class);
        declaredConstructor.setAccessible(true);
        Object o2 = declaredConstructor.newInstance("su7", new Date(), 0);
        System.out.println(o2);
    }
}

Hello reflect!
Car{name=‘null’, factoryDate=null, mileage=0}
Car{name=‘su7’, factoryDate=Sat Apr 13 14:11:47 CST 2024, mileage=0}

3. getFiled

package org.example;

import org.example.po.Car;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * Create by zjg on 2024/4/5
 */
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Hello reflect!");
        try {
            getFiled();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
    public static void getFiled()throws Exception{
        //3.获取Filed
        Class<?> car = Class.forName("org.example.po.Car");
        Object o1 = car.getConstructor().newInstance();
        //data
        Map<String,Object> data=new HashMap<>();
        //public
        data.put("name","su7 max");
        //private
        data.put("factoryDate",new Date());
        data.put("mileage",100);
        Iterator<Map.Entry<String, Object>> iterator = data.entrySet().iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()){
            Map.Entry<String, Object> next = iterator.next();
            String key = next.getKey();
            Object value = next.getValue();
            Field field = car.getDeclaredField(key);
            if(!field.canAccess(o1)){
                field.setAccessible(true);
            }
            field.set(o1,value);
            System.out.println(field.get(o1));
        }
        System.out.println(o1);
    }
}

Hello reflect!
su7 max
Sat Apr 13 14:15:46 CST 2024
100
Car{name=‘su7 max’, factoryDate=Sat Apr 13 14:15:46 CST 2024, mileage=100}

4. getMethod

package org.example;

import org.example.po.Car;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Date;

/**
 * Create by zjg on 2024/4/5
 */
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Hello reflect!");
        try {
            getMethod();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
    public static void getMethod()throws Exception{
        //4.获取Method
        Class<?> car = Class.forName("org.example.po.Car");
        Object o1 = car.getConstructor().newInstance();
        //public
        Method method = car.getMethod("setFactoryDate", Date.class);
        method.invoke(o1,new Date());
        System.out.println(car.getMethod("getFactoryDate").invoke(o1));
        //private
        Method declaredMethod = car.getDeclaredMethod("getBattery");
        declaredMethod.setAccessible(true);
        System.out.println(declaredMethod.invoke(o1));
    }
}

Hello reflect!
Sat Apr 13 14:17:05 CST 2024
获取电池健康状态
100

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总结

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