MySQL随手练——45道DQL题

MySQL随手练 / DQL篇

MySQL随手练——DQL篇

题目网盘下载:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1Ky-RJRNyfvlEJldNL_yQEQ?pwd=lana

初始数据

表 course
表 student
表 teacher
表 sc

答案 :) —> :( —> :)

1. 查询 "01"课程比"02"课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数

SELECT
	c.S,
	c.Sage,
	c.Sname,
	c.Ssex,
	a.C AS C1,
	a.score AS score1,
	b.C AS C2,
	b.score AS score2 
FROM
	sc a
	INNER JOIN sc b ON a.S = b.S
	INNER JOIN student c ON b.S = c.S 
WHERE
	a.C = '01' 
	AND b.C = '02' 
	AND a.score > b.score

1.1 查询同时存在" 01 “课程和” 02 "课程的情况

SELECT
	a.S,
	a.C AS C1,
	a.score AS score1,
	b.C AS C2,
	b.score AS score2 
FROM
	sc a
	INNER JOIN sc b ON a.S = b.S 
	AND a.C = '01' 
	AND b.C = '02'

1.2 查询存在" 01 “课程但可能不存在” 02 "课程的情况(不存在时显示为 null )

SELECT
	a.S,
	a.C AS C1,
	a.score AS score1,
	b.C AS C2,
	b.score AS score2 
FROM
	sc a
	LEFT JOIN sc b # RIGHT JOIN sc b
	ON a.S = b.S 
	AND b.C = '02' 
WHERE
	a.C = '01'

1.3 查询不存在"01 “课程但存在” 02 "课程的情况

SELECT
	a.S,
	a.C,
	a.score 
FROM
	sc a
	LEFT JOIN sc b ON a.S = b.S 
	AND b.C = '01' 
WHERE
	a.C = '02' 
	AND IFNULL( b.c, 'null' ) = 'null' 
# WHERE a.C = '02' AND b.c IS NULL

问题环节:


一、题1.2中为什么LEFT JOIN ON后面接AND 左表a.C = '01’无效?题1.2中为什么RIGHT JOIN ON 后面接AND 右表b.C = '02’无效?题1.1中为什么INNER JOIN ON 后面接AND 左表a.C = ‘01’ AND 右表b.C = '02’却有效呢?
实现INNER JOIN和OUTER JOIN都是按照ON后面条件进行条件判断后进行笛卡尔积拼接,将符合条件的数据行标记为true,最后根据各自的特性生成临时表。而区别就在这特性上面,INNER JOIN是全连接,只有两表中都符合ON AND后面条件的数据才会保留;OUTER JOIN是左外连接(右外连接),以左表(右表)为主体,右表(左表)有符合的数据就保留,没有展示null。通俗点讲:INNER JOIN和OUTER JOIN都是将两表中都符合ON AND后面条件的数据进行保留,但OUTER JOIN要满足自己的特性,所以会把不符合条件的数据用null展示,所以LEFT JOIN ON后面接AND 左表a.C = '01’无效和RIGHT JOIN ON 后面接AND 右表b.C = '02’无效,单纯就是进行了暗箱操作,我们没看到
二、IS NULL能不能优化一下?
IFNULL() > IS NULL > ISNULL()


2. 查询平均成绩大于等于60分的同学的学生编号,姓名和平均成绩

SELECT
	a.S,
	a.Sname,
	AVG( b.score ) AS score_avg 
FROM
	student a
	INNER JOIN sc b ON a.S = b.S 
GROUP BY
	a.Sname 
HAVING
	score_avg >= 60

问题环节:

一、分组聚合函数作用域?
DQL执行顺序:FROM > ON >JOIN > WHERE > GROUP BY > HAVING > SELECT > DISTINCT > ORDER BY > LIMIT
GROUP BY分组后才能使用,所以HAVING、SELECT、ORDER BY 都可以
二、DQL有执行顺序,那DML呢?
MySQL 采用了一种 WAL(先写日志再写磁盘) 技术,涉及两个日志文件和MySQL服务层及引擎层(InnoDB)(bin log和redo log:这部分不懂的,先去了解)。
下面针对以下这句DML语句进行分析:update table set value = ‘newValue‘ where id = 1;
简单推演: 从内存中取出id=1的那行数据(如果内存中不存在就从磁盘中查询并放入内存),修改对应字段数据,存入内存,等待回刷到磁盘。<解说存在一致性问题:服务层记录bin log,引擎层记录redo log>
初级推演:采用2PC保证 DML经过MySQL服务层执行器进入引擎层,InnoDB 引擎去查看当前内存中是否存在该数据行,如果存在之间从内存中取出,如果不在那么会从磁盘中 load 到内存之后再从内存中取出相应数据行,然后将数据行进行更新并将新行写入内存中,之后就会开始写日志,首先是 redo log的写入(此时进入prepare状态),最后进行事务的提交, bin log、redo log的写入(此时进入commit状态)
进阶推演: redo log三种形态(内存< redo log buffer >、文件系统缓存< page cache >、磁盘< disk >)。
DML经过MySQL服务层执行器进入引擎层,InnoDB 引擎去 引擎层buffer pool中获取id=1的数据行,不存在就从disk中获取然后load到 buffer pool。存在就从相应的数据页中取出给数据行进行修改再放入 buffer pool,同时将操作经过write position记录到redo log buffer(prepare状态)并且返回结果,事务提交, bin log、redo log的写入(此时进入commit状态)
究极推演: 由你完成,我顶不住了。。。。。。
三、简单介绍MySQL 8.0服务层
一条SQL语句的旅程:

  • 1、解析阶段:解析为一颗Parser Tree
  • 2、准备阶段:经历Resolve和Transform形成Abstract Syntax Tree
  • 3、优化阶段:SQL语句优化
  • 4、执行阶段:推向引擎层

3. 查询在sc表存在成绩的学生信息

SELECT
	a.S,
	a.Sname,
	a.Sage,
	a.Ssex 
FROM
	student a
	LEFT JOIN sc b ON a.S = b.S 
WHERE
	IFNULL( b.score, 'null' ) != 'null' 
GROUP BY
	a.S

问题环节:

一、DISTINCT a.S,a.Sname,a.Sage,a.Ssex失效?怎么指针对a.S去重?
首先并没有失效,需要a.S,a.Sname,a.Sage,a.Ssex都相同才能去重。
针对a.S去重,可以用GROUP BY a.S、DISTINCT(a.S)、GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT a.S)结合GROUP BY a.S


4. 查询所有同学的学生编号,学生姓名,选课总数,所有课程总成绩(没成绩显示为0)

SELECT
	a.S,
	a.Sname,
	COUNT( a.S ) AS course_sum,
	IFNULL( SUM( b.score ), 0 ) AS score_sum 
FROM
	student a
	LEFT JOIN sc b ON a.S = b.S 
GROUP BY
	a.S

问题环节:

一、替换函数?
IFNULL(b.score,0.0),COALESCE(b.score,0.0)


5. 查询李姓老师的数量

SELECT
	COUNT( t.T ) 
FROM
	teacher t 
WHERE
	t.Tname LIKE '李%'

6. 查询学过张三老师授课的同学信息

SELECT
	a.S,
	a.Sage,
	a.Sname,
	a.Ssex 
FROM
	teacher t
	LEFT JOIN course c ON t.T = c.T
	RIGHT JOIN sc b ON c.C = b.C
	RIGHT JOIN student a ON a.S = b.S 
WHERE
	t.Tname = '张三'

7. 查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息

SELECT
	a.S,
	a.Sname,
	a.Sage,
	a.Ssex 
FROM
	student a
	LEFT JOIN sc b ON a.S = b.S 
GROUP BY
	a.S 
HAVING
	COUNT( a.S ) < ( SELECT COUNT( 1 ) FROM course )

8.查询至少有一门课与学号为" 01 "的同学所学相同的同学的信息

SELECT
	a.S,
	a.Sname,
	a.Sage,
	a.Ssex 
FROM
	sc b
	INNER JOIN sc d ON b.C = d.C
	LEFT JOIN student a ON d.S = a.S 
WHERE
	b.S = '01' 
	AND d.S <> '01' 
GROUP BY
	d.S

9. 查询和’01’号同学学习的课程完全相同的其它同学的信息

SELECT
	a.S,
	a.Sname,
	a.Sage,
	a.Ssex 
FROM
	sc b
	INNER JOIN sc d ON b.C = d.C
	LEFT JOIN student a ON d.S = a.S 
WHERE
	b.S = '01' 
	AND d.S <> '01' 
GROUP BY
	d.S 
HAVING
	COUNT( d.s ) = ( SELECT COUNT( S ) FROM sc WHERE S = '01' );

问题环节:

一、in会影响查询速度吗?
因值而定,in 的值不要超过 500 个,in 操作可以更有效的利用索引,那500哪里来的:IN查询字段值的个数受eq_range_index_dive_limit这个参数影响,建议个数不要超过该参数所配置的大小。
对于in值大的,可以分批查询,然后union all


10. 查询没有学过"张三"老师任意一门课程的学生信息

SELECT
	d.S,
	d.Sname,
	d.Sage,
	d.Ssex 
FROM
	course c
	INNER JOIN teacher t ON c.T = t.T 
	AND t.Tname = '张三'
	LEFT JOIN sc b ON c.C = b.C
	INNER JOIN student a ON a.S = b.S
	RIGHT JOIN student d ON a.S = d.S 
WHERE
	IFNULL( a.S, 'null' ) = 'null'

11. 查询两门课及以上不及格课程的同学的学号,姓名以及平均成绩

SELECT
	a.S,
	a.Sname,
	AVG( b.score ) AS score_avg 
FROM
	sc b
	INNER JOIN student a ON b.S = a.S 
	AND b.score < 60 LEFT JOIN sc d ON b.S = d.S GROUP BY b.S HAVING COUNT( b.S ) >= 2

问题环节:

一、笛卡尔积乘积会不会影响求平均值?
以上面答案中出现的情况是LEFT JOIN sc d 因为ON b.S = d.S都不是唯一id导致出现笛卡尔积乘积现象,但,并不会影响b.score求平均值,因为(SUM(b.score)*n)/(COUNT(b.score)*n),分子分母都乘上n


12. 检索" 01 "课程分数小于 60,按分数降序排列的学生信息

SELECT
	* 
FROM
	sc b
	INNER JOIN student a ON b.S = a.S 
	AND b.score < 60 
WHERE
	b.C = '01' 
ORDER BY
	b.S DESC

13. 按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩

SELECT
	a.S,
	a.Sname,
	d.score,
	k.score_avg 
FROM
	(
	SELECT
		b.S,
		AVG( b.score ) AS score_avg 
	FROM
		sc b 
	GROUP BY
		b.S 
	ORDER BY
		AVG( b.score ) DESC 
	) k
	LEFT JOIN sc d ON k.S = d.S
	LEFT JOIN student a ON k.S = a.S

14. 查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分:
以如下形式显示:课程 ID,课程 name,最高分,最低分,平均分,及格率,中等率,优良率,优秀率 及格为>=60,中等为:70-80,优良为:80-90,优秀为:>=90 要求输出课程号和选修人数,查询结果按人数降序排列,若人数相同,按课程号升序排列.

SELECT
	b.C,
	c.Cname,
	MAX( b.score ) AS score_max,
	MIN( b.score ) AS score_min,
	AVG( b.score ) AS score_avg,
	SUM(
	IF
	( b.score >= 60, 1, 0 ))/ COUNT( b.S ) AS pass_rate,
	SUM(
	IF
	( b.score >= 70 AND b.score < 80, 1, 0 ))/ COUNT( b.S ) AS medium_rate,
	SUM(
	IF
	( b.score >= 80 AND b.score < 90, 1, 0 ))/ COUNT( b.S ) AS excellent_rate,
	SUM(
	IF
	( b.score >= 90, 1, 0 ))/ COUNT( b.S ) AS excellence_rate,
	COUNT( 1 ) AS cons 
FROM
	sc b
	INNER JOIN course c ON b.C = c.C 
GROUP BY
	b.C 
ORDER BY
	COUNT( 1 ) DESC,
	b.C ASC

15. 按各科成绩进行排序,并显示排名

SELECT
	b.C,
	b.S,
	b.score,
	@rank := @rank + 1 AS rk 
FROM
	sc b,(
	SELECT
		@rank := 0 
	) AS t 
ORDER BY
	b.score DESC

15.1 按各科成绩进行排序,并显示排名, Score 重复时合并名次

SELECT
	b.C,
	b.S,
	@score := score AS score,
CASE
		
		WHEN @score = b.score THEN
		@rank ELSE @rank := @rank + 1 
	END AS rk 
FROM
	sc b,(
	SELECT
		@rank := 0,
		@score := 0 
	) AS t 
ORDER BY
	b.score DESC

16. 查询学生的总成绩,并进行排名,总分重复时保留名次空缺

SELECT
CASE
		
	WHEN
		@score = s.score_sum THEN
			'' ELSE @rank := @rank + 1 
			END AS rk,
		@score := s.score_sum AS score 
	FROM
		( SELECT SUM( score ) AS score_sum FROM sc GROUP BY S ORDER BY score_sum DESC ) s,(
		SELECT
			@rank := 0,
		@score := NULL 
	) t

17. 统计各科成绩各分数段人数:课程编号,课程名称,[100-85) ,[85-70),[70-60),[60-0]及所占百分比

SELECT
	c.C,
	c.Cname,
	COUNT( 1 ) AS '人数',
	SUM(
	IF
	( b.score > 85 AND b.score <= 100, 1, 0 ))/ COUNT( 1 ) AS '[100-85)',
	SUM(
	IF
	( b.score > 70 AND b.score <= 85, 1, 0 ))/ COUNT( 1 ) AS '[85-70)',
	SUM(
	IF
	( b.score > 60 AND b.score <= 70, 1, 0 ))/ COUNT( 1 ) AS '[70-60)',
	SUM(
	IF
	( b.score > 0 AND b.score <= 60, 1, 0 ))/ COUNT( 1 ) AS '[60-0]' 
FROM
	sc b
	INNER JOIN course c ON b.C = c.C 
GROUP BY
	b.C

18. 查询各科成绩前三名的记录

SELECT
	a.S,
	a.Sname,
	b.C,
	b.score 
FROM
	sc b
	LEFT JOIN sc d ON b.C = d.C 
	AND b.score < d.score
	RIGHT JOIN student a ON b.S = a.S 
GROUP BY
	b.S,
	b.C,
	b.score 
HAVING
	COUNT( 1 ) < 3 
ORDER BY
	b.C,
	b.score DESC

19. 查询每门课程被选修的学生数

SELECT
	b.C,
	COUNT( 1 ) 
FROM
	sc b 
GROUP BY
	b.C

20 . 查询出只选修两门课程的学生学号和姓名

SELECT
	* 
FROM
	sc b 
GROUP BY
	b.S 
HAVING
	COUNT( 1 )=2

21. 查询男生女生人数

SELECT
	a.Ssex,
	COUNT( a.Ssex ) AS sex_count 
FROM
	student a 
GROUP BY
	a.Ssex

22. 查询名字中含有「风」字的学生信息

SELECT
	a.S,
	a.Sname,
	a.Sage,
	a.Ssex 
FROM
	student a 
WHERE
	LOCATE( '风', a.Sname ) > 0

问题环节:

一、给’%风%'提提速
LOCATE(substr,str)、LOCATE(substr,str, pos)、POSITION(‘substr’ IN field)、FIND_IN_SET(str,strlist)


23. 查询同名同性学生名单,并统计同名人数

SELECT
	a.Sname,
	COUNT( 1 ) AS name_count 
FROM
	student a
	INNER JOIN student d ON a.Sname = d.Sname 
	AND a.S <> d.S

24. 查询 1990 年出生的学生名单

SELECT
	a.Sname 
FROM
	student a 
WHERE
	YEAR ( a.Sage ) = '2022'

25.查询每门课程的平均成绩,结果按平均成绩降序排列,平均成绩相同时,按课程编号升序排列

SELECT
	*,
	AVG( a.score ) 
FROM
	sc a 
GROUP BY
	a.C 
ORDER BY
	AVG( a.score ) DESC,
	a.C ASC

26.查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩

SELECT
	a.S,
	a.Sname,
	AVG( b.score ) AS score_avg 
FROM
	student a
	INNER JOIN sc b ON a.S = b.S 
GROUP BY
	a.S 
HAVING
	score_avg >= 85

27. 查询课程名称为「数学」,且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数

SELECT
	a.Sname,
	b.score 
FROM
	sc b
	INNER JOIN course c ON b.C = c.C 
	AND c.Cname = '数学'
	INNER JOIN student a ON b.S = a.S 
WHERE
	b.score < 60

28. 查询所有学生的课程及分数情况(存在学生没成绩,没选课的情况)

SELECT
	a.S,
	a.Sname,
	IFNULL( b.C, '未选修' ) AS C,
	IFNULL( b.score, 0 ) AS score 
FROM
	student a
	LEFT JOIN sc b ON a.S = b.S

29. 查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数

SELECT
	a.Sname,
	c.Cname,
	b.score 
FROM
	sc b
	LEFT JOIN student a ON b.S = a.S
	LEFT JOIN course c ON b.C = c.C 
WHERE
	b.score > 70;

30. 查询不及格的课程

SELECT DISTINCT
	b.C 
FROM
	sc b 
WHERE
	b.score < 60

31. 查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 80 分以上的学生的学号和姓名

SELECT
	a.S,
	a.Sname 
FROM
	sc b
	LEFT JOIN student a ON b.S = a.S 
WHERE
	b.C = '01' 
	AND b.score > 80

32. 求每门课程的学生人数

SELECT
	b.C,
	COUNT( b.C ) AS c_count 
FROM
	sc b 
GROUP BY
	b.C

33. 成绩不重复,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩

SELECT
	a.S,
	a.Sname,
	a.Sage,
	a.Ssex,
	b.score 
FROM
	sc b
	LEFT JOIN student a ON b.S = a.S
	LEFT JOIN course c ON b.C = c.C
	INNER JOIN teacher t ON c.T = t.T 
	AND t.Tname = '张三' 
ORDER BY
	b.score DESC 
	LIMIT 1

34. 成绩有重复的情况下,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩

SELECT
	t.S,
	t.Sname,
	t.Sage,
	t.Ssex,
	t.score 
FROM
	(
	SELECT
		a.S,
		a.Sname,
		a.Sage,
		a.Ssex,
		b.score,
		dense_rank() over ( PARTITION BY b.C ORDER BY b.score DESC ) AS rk 
	FROM
		sc b
		LEFT JOIN student a ON b.S = a.S
		LEFT JOIN course c ON b.C = c.C
		INNER JOIN teacher t ON c.T = t.T 
		AND t.Tname = '张三' 
	) t 
WHERE
	t.rk = 1

35. 查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩

SELECT
	b.S,
	b.C,
	b.score 
FROM
	sc b
	INNER JOIN sc d ON b.S = d.S 
	AND b.C <> d.C 
	AND b.score = d.score 
GROUP BY
	b.S,
	b.C

36. 查询每门功成绩最好的前两名

SELECT
	b.C,
	b.S,
	b.score 
FROM
	sc b
	LEFT JOIN sc d ON b.C = d.C 
	AND b.score < d.score 
GROUP BY
	b.S,
	b.C,
	b.score 
HAVING
	COUNT( 1 ) <= 1 
ORDER BY
	b.C

37. 统计每门课程的学生选修人数(超过 5 人的课程才统计)

SELECT
	b.C,
	COUNT( 1 ) AS c_count
FROM
	sc b 
GROUP BY
	b.C 
HAVING
	COUNT( 1 ) > 5

38. 检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号

SELECT
	b.S,
	COUNT( 1 ) AS c_count 
FROM
	sc b 
GROUP BY
	b.S 
HAVING
	COUNT( 1 ) >= 2

39. 查询选修了全部课程的学生信息

SELECT
	a.S,
	a.Sname,
	a.Sage,
	a.Ssex 
FROM
	sc b
	INNER JOIN student a ON a.S = b.S 
GROUP BY
	b.S 
HAVING
	count( b.C )=(
	SELECT
		count( 1 ) 
FROM
	course)

40. 查询各学生的年龄,只按年份来算

SELECT
	a.S,
	a.Sname,
	a.Ssex,
	YEAR (
	now())- YEAR ( a.Sage ) AS age 
FROM
	student a

41. 按照出生日期来算,当前月日 < 出生年月的月日则,年龄减一

SELECT
	a.S,
	a.Sname,
	a.Ssex,
	TIMESTAMPDIFF(
		YEAR,
		a.Sage,
	NOW()) AS 年龄 
FROM
	student a

42. 查询本周过生日的学生

SELECT
	a.S,
	a.Sname,
	a.Sage,
	a.Ssex,
	SUBSTR( YEARWEEK( a.Sage ), 5, 2 ) AS birth_week,
	SUBSTR( YEARWEEK( CURDATE()), 5, 2 ) AS now_week 
FROM
	student a 
WHERE
	SUBSTR( YEARWEEK( a.Sage ), 5, 2 ) = SUBSTR( YEARWEEK( CURDATE()), 5, 2 )

43. 查询下周过生日的学生

SELECT
	a.S,
	a.Sname,
	a.Sage,
	a.Ssex,
	SUBSTR( YEARWEEK( a.Sage ), 5, 2 ) AS birth_week,
	SUBSTR( YEARWEEK( CURDATE()), 5, 2 ) AS now_week 
FROM
	student a 
WHERE
	SUBSTR( YEARWEEK( a.Sage ), 5, 2 ) = SUBSTR( YEARWEEK( CURDATE()), 5, 2 )+1

44. 查询本月过生日的学生

SELECT
	* 
FROM
	student a 
WHERE
	EXTRACT( MONTH FROM a.Sage )= EXTRACT(
	MONTH 
FROM
	CURDATE());

45. 查询下月过生日的学生

SELECT
	* 
FROM
	student a 
WHERE
	EXTRACT( MONTH FROM a.Sage )= EXTRACT(
	MONTH 
FROM
	DATE_ADD( CURDATE(), INTERVAL 1 MONTH ));
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