8.7、HttpServletResponse

于 2022-05-14 21:51:26 发布
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分类专栏： # Java web 文章标签： Javaweb
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8.7、HttpServletResponse

web服务器接收到客户端的http请求，针对这个请求，分别创建一个代表请求的HttpServletRequest，一个代表响应的HttpServletResponse

  • 如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数：找HttpServletRequest

  • 如果要获取客户端响应一些信息：找HttpServletResponse

简单分类

1.负责向浏览器发送数据的方法

    public ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException;

    public PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;

2.负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法

    public void setCharacterEncoding(String charset);

    public void setContentLength(int len);

    public void setContentLengthLong(long len);

    public void setContentType(String type);

    public void setDateHeader(String name, long date);

    public void addDateHeader(String name, long date);

    public void setHeader(String name, String value);

    public void addHeader(String name, String value);

    public void setIntHeader(String name, int value);

    public void addIntHeader(String name, int value);

3.响应的状态码（常见）

    int SC_CONTINUE = 100;
    int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;
    int SC_OK = 200;
    int SC_CREATED = 201;
    int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;
    int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;
    int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204;
    int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205;
    int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206;
    it SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;
    int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;
    int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;
    int SC_FOUND = 302;
    int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;
    int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;
    int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;
    int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;
    int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
    int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
    int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
    int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;
    int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;
    int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
    int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
    int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
    int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
    int SC_CONFLICT = 409;
    int SC_GONE = 410;
    int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
    int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
    int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
    int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
    int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
    int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
    int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
    int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
    int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;
    int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;
    int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
    int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;
    int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;

常见应用

1.向浏览器输出消息

2.下载文件

1.获取下载文件的路径

2.下载的文件名是啥

3.设置想办法让浏览器能都支持我们下载的东西，文件名是中文的时候，可以设置URLEncoder.encode(fileName, “UTF-8”)，否则有可能乱码

4.获取下载文件的输入流

5.创建缓冲区

6.获取OutputStream

7.将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区，使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端

public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.获取下载文件的路径
        String realPath = "D:\\game\\同性恋.png";
        //2.下载的文件名是啥
        String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
        //3.设置想办法让浏览器能都支持我们下载的东西，文件名是中文的时候，可以设置URLEncoder.encode(fileName, “UTF-8”)，否则有可能乱码
        resp.setHeader("Content-disposition","attachment;filename=" + URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"utf-8"));
        //4.获取下载文件的输入流
        FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath);
        //5.创建缓冲区
        int len = 0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        //6.获取OutputStream
        ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
        //7.将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区，使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端
        while ((len = in.read(buffer)) != -1){
            out.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        out.flush();
        out.close();
        in.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

3.验证码功能

验证码怎么来？

  • 前端实现

  • 后端实现，需要用到java图片类，生成一个图片

public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //如何让浏览器三秒自动刷新一次
        resp.setHeader("refresh", "3");
        //在内存中创建一个图片
        BufferedImage bufferedImage = new BufferedImage(80, 20, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        //得到图片
        Graphics2D bi = (Graphics2D) bufferedImage.getGraphics();
        //设置背景颜色为白色
        bi.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        bi.fillRect(0, 0, 80, 20);
        //给图片写数据
        bi.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        bi.setFont(new Font(null, Font.BOLD, 20));
        bi.drawString(makeNum(), 0, 20);
        //告诉浏览器用图片的方式打开
        resp.setContentType("image/jpeg");
        //网站存在缓存，不让浏览器缓存
        resp.setDateHeader("Expires",0);
        resp.addHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
        resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");

        ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "jpeg", resp.getOutputStream());
    }

    private String makeNum(){
        Random random = new Random();
        String num = random.nextInt(99999999) + "";
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 0; i < 8 - num.length(); i++) {
            sb.append("0");
        }
        return sb.toString() + num;

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}
<servlet>
        <servlet-name>image</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.kuang.ImageServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>image</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/image</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

 

4.实现重定向

一个web资源收到客户端A请求后，B会通知A客户端去访问另一个web资源C，这个过程就叫做重定向。

常见场景：

  • 用户登录

void sendRedirect(String var1) throws IOException;

public class RedirectServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        /*resp.setHeader("Location","/r/image");
        resp.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_FOUND);*/

        resp.sendRedirect("/r/image"); //重定向
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>redirect</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.kuang.RedirectServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>redirect</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/redirect</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

面试题：请问重定向与转发的区别

  • 相同点

    • 页面都会实现跳转

  • 不同的

    • 请求转发，URL地址栏不会发生变化；307

    • 重定向，URL地址栏发生变化；302

 

模拟登录

index.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<body>
    <%--这路提交的路径，需要寻找到项目的路径--%>
    <%--代表当前项目：${pageContext.request.contextPath}--%>
    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="get">
        用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
        密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
        <input type="submit">
    </form>
</body>
</html>
<servlet>
        <servlet-name>request</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.kuang.RequestTest</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>request</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
package com.kuang;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class RequestTest extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("进入请求了");
//        String contextPath = req.getContextPath();
//        resp.getWriter().print(contextPath);// /r
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");

        System.out.println(username+":"+password);
        resp.sendRedirect("/r/success.jsp");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

success.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>success</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>success</h1>

</body>
</html>
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