一、Spring 框架入门演示
- 新建一个Maven项目。
- 配置好pom.xml文件,如下所示,配置好后保存时必须要联网,这是要联网下载好这些Spring框架的一些配置文件jar包。
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.zking.frame</groupId>
<artifactId>Day2019_09_25_Spring</artifactId>
<version>0.1</version>
<!-- 自定义配置信息 -->
<properties>
<charset>UTF-8</charset>
<jdk.version>1.8</jdk.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<argLine>-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8</argLine>
<slf4j.version>1.7.25</slf4j.version>
<spring.version>4.0.6.RELEASE</spring.version><!-- 最新版本:5.1.9.RELEASE -->
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- 单元测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- json库 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.11</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 数据源依赖相关 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.0.23</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mysql的jdbc数据库驱动 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.28</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 日志 Simple logging facade for Java -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 具体日志桥 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.8</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- spring4 -->
<!-- spring的核心core-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring的测试-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- spring的Mybatis会用到的orm(对象关系映射)东西-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring的jdbc-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring的表达式-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring的事务-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring的上下文,依赖beans-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring的上下文支持的过程-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring的bean对象【核心】-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring的AOP【面向切面编程】第三方的实现 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring的aspects -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring的Web模块 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring的WebMVC模块 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<!-- 工程编译插件 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.0</version>
<configuration>
<source>${jdk.version}</source>
<target>${jdk.version}</target>
<encoding>${charset}</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<!--配置生成源码包 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
<configuration>
<encoding>${charset}</encoding>
<aggregate>true</aggregate>
<charset>${charset}</charset>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>attach-sources</id>
<goals>
<goal>jar</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<!--配置生成Javadoc包 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
<configuration>
<encoding>${charset}</encoding>
<aggregate>true</aggregate>
<charset>${charset}</charset>
<docencoding>${charset}</docencoding>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>attach-javadocs</id>
<goals>
<goal>jar</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-eclipse-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.10</version>
<configuration>
<additionalProjectnatures>
<projectnature>org.springframework.ide.eclipse.core.springnature</projectnature>
</additionalProjectnatures>
<additionalBuildcommands>
<buildcommand>org.springframework.ide.eclipse.core.springbuilder</buildcommand>
</additionalBuildcommands>
<downloadSources>true</downloadSources>
<downloadJavadocs>false</downloadJavadocs>
<wtpversion>1.5</wtpversion>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
- 添加日志文件log4j.xml。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration SYSTEM "log4j.dtd">
<log4j:configuration xmlns:log4j="http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/">
<appender name="console" class="org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender">
<param name="Target" value="System.out" />
<layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
<param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} %-5p: %c > %m%n" />
</layout>
</appender>
<logger name="com.zking">
<level value="debug"/>
</logger>
<logger name="org.springframework">
<level value="INFO"/>
</logger>
<root>
<priority value="debug" />
<appender-ref ref="console" />
</root>
</log4j:configuration>
- 在src/main/resources下创建Spring的配置文件,applicationContext.xml。
applicationContext.xml文件代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd">
</beans>
- 创建一个UserDao的类,UserDaoTest的测试类。
1-UserDao.java文件
package com.zking.dao;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
public class UserDao {
private String name;
public UserDao() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public UserDao(String name) {
super();
this.name = name;
}
public void add(){
log.info("执行了{}添加:{}",name,this);
}
}
2-UserDaoTest.java文件
package com.zking.dao;
import java.awt.RenderingHints.Key;
import java.util.Map;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.zking.dao.UserDao;
import com.zking.service.UserService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
public class UserDaoTest {
@Test
public void addUser() {
UserDao dao1 = new UserDao();
UserDao dao2 = new UserDao("张三");
dao1.add();
dao2.add();
}
@Test
public void test2() {
UserDao dao1 = null;
ApplicationContext act = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:applicationContext.xml");
dao1 = (UserDao) act.getBean("userDao");
dao1.add();
}
@Test
public void test3() {
UserDao dao1 = null;
ApplicationContext act = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:applicationContext.xml");
// dao1 = (UserDao) act.getBean("userDao");
// dao1=act.getBean(UserDao.class);
dao1=act.getBean("userDao1", UserDao.class);
log.debug("{}" + dao1);
dao1.add();
// UserService service=act.getBean(UserService.class);
//
// service.add();
Map<String, UserDao> beans=act.getBeansOfType(UserDao.class);
beans.forEach((key,value)->{
log.debug("{}={}",key,value);
});
}
}
执行了addUser,得到结果。
2019-10-02 22:39:44 INFO : com.zking.dao.UserDao > 执行了null添加:com.zking.dao.UserDao@3a4afd8d
2019-10-02 22:39:44 INFO : com.zking.dao.UserDao > 执行了张三添加:com.zking.dao.UserDao@555590
- applicationContext.xml 的新配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd">
<bean id="userDao" class="com.zking.dao.UserDao"></bean>
<bean id="userDao1" class="com.zking.dao.UserDao">
<constructor-arg index="0" value="张三"/>
</bean>
<bean id="userService" class="com.zking.service.impl.UserServiceImpl"></bean>
</beans>
配置这个bean,通常不会是数据模型,也就是说不会是实体,可能是Dao\一个工具\一个工具类\业务逻辑层的某个实现类。
得到对象的过程交个Spring去管理。它就需要一个xml的配置文件。
学习Spring就是学习它的一些原理,关键的一些配置。
学习Spring的原理,学习怎么去配置。
必须要知道他的原理,
知道这个xml,去创建一个UserDao.
创建过程:通过xml读取到它的属性,之后我们就知道class,再利用反射就可以new出来。之后再把它存放在一个mapper【键值对】里面。之后我们就要来取得这个bean。