Struts2入门

什么是Struts2？

Struts2是一个基于MVC设计模式的Web应用框架，它本质上相当于一个servlet，在MVC设计模式中，Struts2作为控制器(Controller)来建立模型与视图的数据交互。Struts 2是Struts的下一代产品，是在 struts 1和WebWork的技术基础上进行了合并的全新的Struts 2框架，Struts 2以WebWork为核心，采用拦截器的机制来处理用户的请求，这样的设计也使得业务逻辑控制器能够与ServletAPI完全脱离开，所以Struts 2可以理解为WebWork的更新产品。

学习Struts2…

1、struts环境搭建

建立一个maven项目，将maven项目的环境搭建好（maven配置），然后将下面三个xml文件导入src/main/resources中

struts.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
 "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
 "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts>
 <include file="struts-default.xml"></include>
 <include file="struts-base.xml"></include>
 <include file="struts-sy.xml"></include>
</struts>

struts-base.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
 "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
 "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts>
 <constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="UTF-8" />
 <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
 <constant name="struts.configuration.xml.reload" value="true" />
 <constant name="struts.i18n.reload" value="true" />
 <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true" />
 <package name="base" extends="struts-default" abstract="true">
  <global-allowed-methods>regex:.*</global-allowed-methods>
 </package>
</struts>

struts-sy.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
 "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
 "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts>
 <package name="sy" extends="base" namespace="/sy">
 </package>
</struts>

在pom.xml中需加入以下代码,下载所需要得jar包，前提要先配置好maven

<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
			<artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
			<version>2.5.13</version>
		</dependency>

配置web.xml:

<filter>
		<filter-name>struts</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>struts</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>

动态方法调用

HelloAction.java：

package com.shl.web;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

//可继承也可以不继承
public class HelloAction /*extends ActionSupport*/{

	public String add() {
		System.out.println("调用add方法");
		return "rs";
	}
	
	public String del() {
		System.out.println("调用del方法");
		return "rs";
	}
}

jsp代码：

<h3>动态方法调用</h3>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/demo_add.action">增加</a>

<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/demo_del.action">删除</a>

配置struts-sy.xml:

<package name="sy" extends="base" namespace="/sy">
		<action name="/demo_*" class="com.shl.web.HelloAction" method="{1}">
			<result name="rs">/rs.jsp</result>
		</action>
	</package>

调用结果：

Struts前台和后台参数的传递(三种方式)

1、implements modelDrivern（通过实现接口来接收数据）
2、set/get（直接通过实体类的方法获取）
3、类实例.属性名（直接写类的属性名）

实体类Cal：

public class Cal {
 private String num1;
 private String num2;
 public String getNum1() {
  return num1;
 }
 public void setNum1(String num1) {
  this.num1 = num1;
 }
 public String getNum2() {
  return num2;
 }
 public void setNum2(String num2) {
  this.num2 = num2;
 }
 @Override
 public String toString() {
  return "Cal [num1=" + num1 + ", num2=" + num2 + "]";
 }
}

HelloAction：

public class HelloAction implements ModelDriven<Cal>{
 private Cal cal1 = new Cal();
 private Cal cal2;
 private String sex;
 public Cal getCal2() {
  return cal2;
 }
 public void setCal2(Cal cal2) {
  this.cal2 = cal2;
 }
 public String getSex() {
  return sex;
 }
 public void setSex(String sex) {
  this.sex = sex;
 }
 public String add() {
  System.out.println("调用add方法");
  return "rs";
 }
 public String del() {
  System.out.println("调用del方法");
  return "rs";
 }
 public String accept1() {
  System.out.println(cal1);
  return "rs";
 }
 public String accept2() {
  System.out.println(cal2);
  return "rs";
 }
 public String accept3() {
  System.out.println(sex);
  return "rs";
 }
 @Override
 public Cal getModel() {
  return cal1;
 }
}

jsp测试代码：

<h3>后台接收jsp传递参数的三种方式</h3>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/demo_accept1.action?num1=20&&num2=5">accept1</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/demo_accept2.action?cal2.num1=20&&cal2.num2=5">accept2</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/demo_accept3.action?sex=n">accept3</a>

测试结果：

后台传递到jsp的方式（注入耦合、非注入非耦合）

HelloAction：

public class HelloAction implements ModelDriven<Cal>,ServletRequestAware{
 //注入耦合
 private HttpServletRequest req;
 private Cal cal1 = new Cal();
 private Cal cal2;
 private String sex;
 public Cal getCal2() {
  return cal2;
 }
 public void setCal2(Cal cal2) {
  this.cal2 = cal2;
 }
 public String getSex() {
  return sex;
 }
 public void setSex(String sex) {
  this.sex = sex;
 }
 public String add() {
  System.out.println("调用add方法。。。。");
  return "rs";
 }
 public String del() {
  System.out.println("调用del方法。。。。");
  return "rs";
 }
 public String accept1() {
  System.out.println(cal1);
//  req.setAttribute("cal1", cal1);
  //非注入耦合
  ServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
  request.setAttribute("cal1", cal1);
  return "rs";
 }
 public String accept2() {
  System.out.println(cal2);
  return "rs";
 }
 public String accept3() {
  System.out.println(sex);
  return "rs";
 }
 @Override
 public Cal getModel() {
  return cal1;
 }
 @Override
 public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest req) {
  this.req = req;
 }
}

jsp测试代码：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
结果页：${sex }
<br/>
${cal1 }
${cal2 }
</body>
</html>

测试结果：