什么是Hibernate?
- Hibernate 是一个开放源代码的对象关系映射框架,它对 JDBC 进行了非常轻量级的对象封装,它将 pojo 与数据库表建立映射关系,是一个全自动的 ORM(Object - Relationship - Mapping)框架
- Hibernate 可以自动生成 SQL 语句,自动执行,使得 Java 程序员可以随心所欲的使用对象编程思维来操纵数据库
- Hibernate 可以应用在任何使用 JDBC 的场合
优势:跨数据库的无缝移植
Hibernate 工作原理
应用程序操作 Hibernate 对外提供的接口,API 其实底层还是调用的 JDBC,然后 JDBC 再去访问的数据库
Hibernate实现增删查改
首先,环境配置(详情Maven配置):
1、pom依赖
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.Tang</groupId>
<artifactId>T224_hibernate</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>T224_hibernate Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<servlet.version>4.0.0</servlet.version>
<hibernate.version>5.3.0.Final</hibernate.version>
<mysql.driver.version>5.1.46</mysql.driver.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>${servlet.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.driver.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>T224_hibernate</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.7.0</version>
<configuration>
<source>${maven.compiler.source}</source>
<target>${maven.compiler.target}</target>
<encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2、web3.1配置
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
</web-app>
3、hibernate.cfg.xml的配置(添加hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd支持)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<!-- 1. 数据库相关 -->
<property name="connection.username">root</property>
<property name="connection.password">123</property>
<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mvc?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
</property>
<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<!-- 配置本地事务(No CurrentSessionContext configured!) -->
<property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property>
<!-- 2. 调试相关 -->
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<property name="format_sql">true</property>
<!-- 3. 添加实体映射文件 -->
<mapping resource="com/Tang/one/entity/User.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
4、user.hbm.xml配置(添加hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd支持)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<!--
class:标签
name;对应的是需要映射的实体类的全路径名
table: 实体类对应的数据库中的表
id标签
name: 对应的是实体类属性名
type: 指的是实体类数据类型
column: 数据库对应的列名
property: 配置出主键以外列段对应的类属性映射关系
name: 对应的是实体类属性名
type: 指的是实体类数据类型
column: 数据库对应的列名
insert="false" update="false"
表示:该列段或者该属性制作查询所用,不可更新
-->
<class name="com.Tang.one.entity.User" table="t_user">
<id name="uid" type="java.lang.Integer" column="uid">
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
<property name="uname" type="java.lang.String" column="uname">
</property>
<property name="upwd" type="java.lang.String" column="upwd">
</property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
接下来就是实现增删查改:
User实体类(要与user.hbm.xml中的一一对应)
package com.Tang.one.entity;
public class User {
private int uid;
private String uname;
private String upwd;
public int getUid() {
return uid;
}
public void setUid(int uid) {
this.uid = uid;
}
public String getUname() {
return uname;
}
public void setUname(String uname) {
this.uname = uname;
}
public String getUpwd() {
return upwd;
}
public void setUpwd(String upwd) {
this.upwd = upwd;
}
public User(int uid, String uname, String upwd) {
super();
this.uid = uid;
this.uname = uname;
this.upwd = upwd;
}
public User() {
super();
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [uid=" + uid + ", uname=" + uname + ", upwd=" + upwd + "]";
}
}
查询所有
package com.Tang.one.demo;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
/**
* hibernate 查询演示
* @author Tang
*
*/
public class QueryDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
//这里的指的是操作数据库的链接
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
List list = session.createQuery("from User").list();
for (Object obj : list) {
System.out.println(obj);
}
session.close();
}
}
查询效果
增加(新增加一个用户)
package com.Tang.one.demo;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import com.Tang.one.entity.User;
/**
* hibernate 增加演示
* @author Tang
*
*/
public class InsertDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
//这里的指的是操作数据库的链接
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
session.save(new User(5, "或服务", "333"));
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
}
增加前效果
增加后效果
修改(将uid=5的或服务改成请求)
package com.Tang.one.demo;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import com.Tang.one.entity.User;
/**
* hibernate 修改演示
* @author Tang
*
*/
public class UpdateDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
//这里的指的是操作数据库的链接
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
User user = session.get(User.class,5);
user.setUname("请求");
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
}
修改效果
删除(删除uid=5的用户)
package com.Tang.one.demo;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import com.Tang.one.entity.User;
/**
* hibernate 删除演示
* @author Tang
*
*/
public class DeleteDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
//这里的指的是操作数据库的链接
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
User user=new User();
user.setUid(5);
session.delete(user);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
}
删除效果
注意:
-
在开发阶段再创建实体类和实体映射文件(*.hbm.xml)
实体必须实现Serializable接口 -
hibernate.cfg.xml(1)/*.hbm.xml(N)
实体映射文件一定要加到核心配置文件