122.《react-redux + redux 结合使用详解及案例》

react-redux + redux 详细总结

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1.理解

1. 一个react插件库

2. 专门用来简化react应用中使用redux

2.react-Redux 将所有组件分成两大类

• UI组件
  • 只负责 UI 的呈现，不带有任何业务逻辑
  • 通过props接收数据(一般数据和函数)
  • 不使用任何 Redux 的 API
  • 一般保存在components文件夹下
• 容器组件
• 负责管理数据和业务逻辑，不负责UI的呈现
• 使用 Redux 的 API
• 一般保存在containers文件夹下

3.相关 API

1. Provider：让所有组件都可以得到state数据

<Provider store={store}>
  <App />
</Provider>

2. connect：用于包装 UI 组件生成容器组件

import { connect } from 'react-redux'
  connect(
    mapStateToprops,
    mapDispatchToProps
  )(Counter)

3. mapStateToprops：将外部的数据（即state对象）转换为UI组件的标签属性

const mapStateToprops = function (state) {
  return {
    value: state
  }
}

4. mapDispatchToProps：将分发action的函数转换为UI组件的标签属性

4.案例 + 效果图

目录结构

App.jsx

import React, { Component } from 'react'
import Count from './containers/Count' //引入的Count的容器组件
import Person from './containers/Person' //引入的Person的容器组件

export default class App extends Component {
	render() {
		return (
			<div>
				<Count/>
				<hr/>
				<Person/>
			</div>
		)
	}
}

index.js

import React from 'react'
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom'
import App from './App'
import store from './redux/store'
import {Provider} from 'react-redux'

ReactDOM.render(
	/* 此处需要用Provider包裹App，目的是让App所有的后代容器组件都能接收到store */
	<Provider store={store}>
		<App/>
	</Provider>,
	document.getElementById('root')
)

containers > Count > index.jsx

import React, { Component } from 'react'
//引入action
import {
	increment,
	decrement,
	incrementAsync
} from '../../redux/actions/count'
//引入connect用于连接UI组件与redux
import {connect} from 'react-redux'

//定义UI组件
class Count extends Component {

	state = {carName:'奔驰c63'}

	//加法
	increment = ()=>{
		const {value} = this.selectNumber
		this.props.increment(value*1)
	}
	//减法
	decrement = ()=>{
		const {value} = this.selectNumber
		this.props.decrement(value*1)
	}
	//奇数再加
	incrementIfOdd = ()=>{
		const {value} = this.selectNumber
		if(this.props.count % 2 !== 0){
			this.props.increment(value*1)
		}
	}
	//异步加
	incrementAsync = ()=>{
		const {value} = this.selectNumber
		this.props.incrementAsync(value*1,500)
	}

	render() {
		//console.log('UI组件接收到的props是',this.props);
		return (
			<div>
				<h2>我是Count组件,下方组件总人数为:{this.props.renshu}</h2>
				<h4>当前求和为：{this.props.count}</h4>
				<select ref={c => this.selectNumber = c}>
					<option value="1">1</option>
					<option value="2">2</option>
					<option value="3">3</option>
				</select>&nbsp;
				<button onClick={this.increment}>+</button>&nbsp;
				<button onClick={this.decrement}>-</button>&nbsp;
				<button onClick={this.incrementIfOdd}>当前求和为奇数再加</button>&nbsp;
				<button onClick={this.incrementAsync}>异步加</button>&nbsp;
			</div>
		)
	}
}

//使用connect()()创建并暴露一个Count的容器组件
export default connect(
	state => ({
		count:state.count,
		personCount:state.persons.length
	}),
	{increment,decrement,incrementAsync}
)(Count) 

containers > Person> index.jsx

import React, { Component } from 'react'
import {nanoid} from 'nanoid'
import {connect} from 'react-redux'
import {addPerson} from '../../redux/actions/person'

class Person extends Component {

	addPerson = ()=>{
		const name = this.nameNode.value
		const age = this.ageNode.value*1
		const personObj = {id:nanoid(),name,age}
		this.props.addPerson(personObj)
		this.nameNode.value = ''
		this.ageNode.value = ''
	}

	render() {
		return (
			<div>
				<h2>我是Person组件,上方组件求和为{this.props.count}</h2>
				<input ref={c=>this.nameNode = c} type="text" placeholder="输入名字"/>
				<input ref={c=>this.ageNode = c} type="text" placeholder="输入年龄"/>
				<button onClick={this.addPerson}>添加</button>
				<ul>
					{
						this.props.persons.map((p)=>{
							return <li key={p.id}>{p.name}--{p.age}</li>
						})
					}
				</ul>
			</div>
		)
	}
}

export default connect(
	state => ({
		persons:state.persons,
		count:state.count
	}),//映射状态
	{addPerson}//映射操作状态的方法
)(Person)

redux > actions > count.js

/* 
	该文件专门为Count组件生成action对象
*/
import {INCREMENT,DECREMENT} from '../constant'

//同步action，就是指action的值为Object类型的一般对象
export const increment = data => ({type:INCREMENT,data})
export const decrement = data => ({type:DECREMENT,data})

//异步action，就是指action的值为函数,异步action中一般都会调用同步action，异步action不是必须要用的。
export const incrementAsync = (data,time) => {
	return (dispatch)=>{
		setTimeout(()=>{
			dispatch(increment(data))
		},time)
	}
}

redux > actions > person.js

import {ADD_PERSON} from '../constant'

//创建增加一个人的action动作对象
export const addPerson = personObj => ({type:ADD_PERSON,data:personObj})

redux > reducers> count.js

/* 
	1.该文件是用于创建一个为Count组件服务的reducer，reducer的本质就是一个函数
	2.reducer函数会接到两个参数，分别为：之前的状态(preState)，动作对象(action)
*/
import {INCREMENT,DECREMENT} from '../constant'

const initState = 0 //初始化状态
export default function countReducer(preState=initState,action){
	// console.log('countReducer@#@#@#');
	//从action对象中获取：type、data
	const {type,data} = action
	//根据type决定如何加工数据
	switch (type) {
		case INCREMENT: //如果是加
			return preState + data
		case DECREMENT: //若果是减
			return preState - data
		default:
			return preState
	}
}

redux > reducers> index.js

/* 
	该文件用于汇总所有的reducer为一个总的reducer
*/
//引入combineReducers，用于汇总多个reducer
import {combineReducers} from 'redux'
//引入为Count组件服务的reducer
import count from './count'
//引入为Person组件服务的reducer
import persons from './person'

//汇总所有的reducer变为一个总的reducer
export default  combineReducers({
	count,
	persons
})

redux > reducers > person.js

import {ADD_PERSON} from '../constant'

//初始化人的列表
const initState = [{id:'001',name:'tom',age:18}]

export default function personReducer(preState=initState,action){
	// console.log('personReducer@#@#@#');
	const {type,data} = action
	switch (type) {
		case ADD_PERSON: //若是添加一个人
			//preState.unshift(data) //此处不可以这样写，这样会导致preState被改写了，personReducer就不是纯函数了。
			return [data,...preState]
		default:
			return preState
	}
}

redux > constant.js

/* 
	该模块是用于定义action对象中type类型的常量值，目的只有一个：便于管理的同时防止程序员单词写错
*/
export const INCREMENT = 'increment'
export const DECREMENT = 'decrement'
export const ADD_PERSON = 'add_person'

redux > store.js

/* 
	该文件专门用于暴露一个store对象，整个应用只有一个store对象
*/

//引入createStore，专门用于创建redux中最为核心的store对象
import {createStore,applyMiddleware} from 'redux'
//引入汇总之后的reducer
import reducer from './reducers'
//引入redux-thunk，用于支持异步action
import thunk from 'redux-thunk'
//引入redux-devtools-extension
import {composeWithDevTools} from 'redux-devtools-extension'

//暴露store 
export default createStore(reducer,composeWithDevTools(applyMiddleware(thunk)))