UnicodeEncodeError: ‘gbk‘ codec can‘t encode character git bash conda vscode 终端编码错误 python utf8

平时python开发的时候经常遇到编码错误的问题，例如 Windows 系统默认编码是 gbk ，而 gitbash 使用 utf8 ，或者某些 vscode 插件（如 QML Preview）运行出错，编码错误。这个问题可以设置 python 系统环境为变量 utf8 全局解决：

设置系统环境变量：

方式1： Windows左下角 - 搜索：编辑系统环境变量 - 下方系统环境变量“新建” - 变量名： PYTHONUTF8 - 变量值 1

方式2： 管理员身份打开 PS ，运行 [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("PYTHONUTF8", "1", "Machine")

如果是 vscode 插件编码错误，实测重启 vscode 就能生效

打开 powershell 查看是否设置成功：

# 查看是否生效
Echo $Env:PYTHONUTF8
# 查看 python 是否设置成功 
python -c "import sys; print(sys.getdefaultencoding())"

能解决以下错误

类似错误 gitbash：

Exception in thread Thread-3 (_readerthread):
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\Program\miniconda3\Lib\threading.py", line 1038, in _bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "D:\Program\miniconda3\Lib\threading.py", line 975, in run
    self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
  File "D:\Program\miniconda3\Lib\subprocess.py", line 1597, in _readerthread
    buffer.append(fh.read())
                  ^^^^^^^^^
UnicodeDecodeError: 'gbk' codec can't decode byte 0xae in position 363: illegal multibyte sequence

# >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ERROR REPORT <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "D:\Program\miniconda3\Lib\site-packages\conda\exception_handler.py", line 16, in __call__
        return func(*args, **kwargs)
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "D:\Program\miniconda3\Lib\site-packages\conda\cli\main.py", line 111, in main_sourced
        print(activator.execute(), end="")
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "D:\Program\miniconda3\Lib\site-packages\conda\activate.py", line 192, in execute
        return getattr(self, self.command)()
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "D:\Program\miniconda3\Lib\site-packages\conda\activate.py", line 158, in activate
        builder_result = self.build_activate(self.env_name_or_prefix)
                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "D:\Program\miniconda3\Lib\site-packages\conda\activate.py", line 336, in build_activate
        return self._build_activate_stack(env_name_or_prefix, False)
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "D:\Program\miniconda3\Lib\site-packages\conda\activate.py", line 388, in _build_activate_stack
        path=self.pathsep_join(self._add_prefix_to_path(prefix)),
                               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "D:\Program\miniconda3\Lib\site-packages\conda\activate.py", line 614, in _add_prefix_to_path
        path_list = list(self.path_conversion(self._get_starting_path_list()))
                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "D:\Program\miniconda3\Lib\site-packages\conda\activate.py", line 852, in native_path_to_unix
        ).stdout.strip()
                 ^^^^^
    AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'strip'

`$ D:\Program\miniconda3\Scripts\conda-script.py shell.posix activate base`

可以看出出错的位置在 D:\Program\miniconda3\Lib\site-packages\conda\activate.py文件中，打开文件出错的地方，在 unix_path = run(...)中添加 encoding='utf-8'，修改后如下：

        # if present, use cygpath to convert paths since its more reliable
        unix_path = run(
            [cygpath, "--path", joined],
            text=True,
            capture_output=True,
            check=True,
            encoding='utf-8'
        ).stdout.strip()

这时候新建终端就不会有问题了：
类似错误 QML Preview：

Traceback (most recent call last): File "F:\Engineer\python\pySimpleGUI\env\Lib\site-packages\PySide6\scripts\qml.py", line 156, in <module> if 'import QtQuick' in myfile.read(): ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ UnicodeDecodeError: 'gbk' codec can't decode byte 0xa8 in position 974: illegal multibyte sequence Command failed: