《Python编程从入门到实践》Chapter 6练习题

# 6-1 人
information = {'first_name':'Julian','last_name':'Aaron','city':'New York'}

print(information['first_name'])
print(information['last_name'])
print(information['city'])

#6-3 编程词汇字典
programming_vocabularies = {
    'rstrip':'deleting trailing spaces',
    'lstrip':'deleting the opening space',
    'append':'adding elements at the end of the list',
    'sort':'permanently sorting of lists',
    'pop':'deleting the element and then use its value'
    }
print('\n'+'The meaning of rstrip is '+programming_vocabularies['rstrip']+'.')
print('lstrip'+':'+programming_vocabularies['lstrip'])
print('The meaning of append is '+programming_vocabularies['append']+'.')
print('sort'+':'+programming_vocabularies['sort'])
print('The meaning of pop is '+programming_vocabularies['pop']+'.')

#6.4 词汇表2（使用for遍历）
print('\n')
programming_vocabularies = {
    'rstrip':'deleting trailing spaces',
    'lstrip':'deleting the opening space',
    'append':'adding elements at the end of the list',
    'sort':'permanently sorting of lists',
    'pop':'deleting the element and then use its value'
    }

for vocabulary,meaning in programming_vocabularies.items():
    print('The meaning of '+ vocabulary +' is '+ meaning+'.')

#6.5 河流
rivers={
    'nile':'egypt',
    'yangtze river':'china',
    'yellow river':'china'
    }

print('\n')
for river,country in rivers.items():
    print('The '+river.title()+' runs through '+ country.title()+'.')

print('\n')
for river in rivers:
    print(river.title())

print('\n')
for country in rivers.values():
    print(country.title())

print('\n')
for country in set(rivers.values()):
    print(country.title())

#6-6 调查
favorite_language = {
    'jen':'python',
    'sarah':'c',
    'edward':'ruby',
    'phil':'python',
    }
personnel_list = ['jen','edward','abigail']

print('\n')
for name in personnel_list:
    if name in favorite_language.keys():
        print(name.title()+',thanks for participating in the survey.')
    else:
        print(name.title()+ ',please take our poll!')

# 6-7人 （列表中嵌套字典）
information_1= {'first_name':'Julian','last_name':'Aaron','city':'New York'}
information_2= {'first_name':'Nanthan','last_name':'Hale','city':' ChengTu'}
information_3= {'first_name':'Oliver','last_name':'Clinton','city':'Sian'}

information = [information_1,information_2,information_3]

for A in information:
    #为了能一个information输一次，理解思想
    print('\n')
    for a,b in A.items():
        print('\t'+a.title()+': '+ b)

#6-8 宠物（列表中嵌套字典）（作废，再重新读题,想复杂了）
honey={'variety':'persian','master':'Julian'}
candy={'variety':'siamese','master':'Nanthan'}
mark={'variety':'chinchilla','master':'Oliver'}

cats = [honey,candy,mark]

for cat_number in range(3):
    cat1=cats[cat_number] #这是错误的写法。在字典列表（列表中嵌套字典）的情况中，不可能将字典的名称用for循环出来。
    print(cat1.title()+':')
    print('\n')
for cat in cats:
    for key,value in cat.items():
        print('\t'+ key.title()+': '+ value.title())

#在下面这种情况下可以将列表中的元素循环出来，见下例。观察两者的区别。
cats = ['honey','candy','mark']

for cat_number in range(0,3):
    print(cats[cat_number])

#但其实有更简单的方法,所以思想很重要
cats = ['honey','candy','mark']
for cat in cats:
    print(cat)

#6-8 宠物（列表中嵌套字典）
cat = {'type':'persian','variety':'cat','master':'Julian'}
dog ={'type':'siamese','variety':'dog','master':'Nanthan'}
bird={'type':'chinchilla','variety':'bird','master':'Oliver'}

pets = [cat,dog,bird]

for pet in pets:
    print('\n')
    #一定要分清遍历字典时，最多只有两个变量，而且分清哪些是键，哪些是值
    for key,value in pet.items():
        print('\t'+ key.title() + ': '+value.title())

#6-9 喜欢的地方（字典中嵌套列表）
favorite_places = {
    'Julian':['a','b','c'],
    'Nanthan':['d','e','f'],
    'Oliver':['g','h','i']
    }

for name,palces in favorite_places.items():
    print('\n'+ name.title() + "'s favorite places are ")
    for place in palces:
        print('\t'+ place.title())

总结：
①6-7，8都是列表中嵌套字典，规律：先遍历列表再遍历字典，变量先一后二；
②6-9,10都是字典中嵌套列表，规律：先遍历字典再遍历列表，变量先二后一。

#6-11 城市（字典中储存列表）
cities ={
    'new york':{
        'country':'America',
        'population':'8.51 million',
        'fact':'beautiful'
        },
    'paris':{
        'country':'France',
        'population':'214 million',
        'fact':'romantic'
        },
    'beijing':{
        'country':'China',
        'population':'217 million',
        'fact':'bustling'
        },
    }

for city,infor in cities.items():
    print('\nCity Name: '+ city.title())
    for key,value in infor.items():
        print('\t'+ key.title() + ': '+ value)