人工智能——基于alpha-beta剪枝算法的井字棋游戏

本文介绍了如何使用Python开发井字棋游戏,结合人工智能的Alpha-Beta剪枝算法来实现电脑智能选择最优下棋策略。游戏界面包括棋盘布局和棋子绘制,通过鼠标点击交互,同时设有判断胜负的函数和AI下棋步骤。通过构建博弈树,评估不同走法的可能结果,选择最佳落子位置。
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游戏开发介绍:

使用窗口设计界面布局,画出三行三列的表格样子的棋盘,画出圆形棋子,并找出所有的落棋位置,
添加鼠标点击事件,设置一系列初始值(比如鼠标是否点击,棋子颜色交替改变,结束标志等)。
定义timi()函数判断胜负,bestScore()函数选择最优下棋方案,AI()函数设置电脑下棋的步骤。

井字棋的完整走法:首先画出两层博弈树的所有节点,然后计算出所有叶节点,也就是最下层节点的评估值,即评价函数的值。自上而下进行倒推,计算出根节点的评估值,然后就能确定合适的走法。
如下图所示,当我方棋子用叉表示,敌方用圆圈表示,我方选择第二行第一列的位置做先手,那么判断地方可能落子的五种走法,当敌方落到中心位置时,我发方赢得可能性最大,再从第一层扩展图中选择评估值最小的走法作为我方最终的落子点。在这里插入图片描述

#最优方案(状态,最小值,最大值)
def bestScore(sta, alpha, beta):
    if sta:
        pi = 1
    else:
        pi = 2
    #局势判断 0(-1):红胜 1(1):绿胜  3(0)
======================================================================== MICROSOFT FOUNDATION CLASS LIBRARY : fir ======================================================================== AppWizard has created this fir application for you. This application not only demonstrates the basics of using the Microsoft Foundation classes but is also a starting point for writing your application. This file contains a summary of what you will find in each of the files that make up your fir application. fir.dsp This file (the project file) contains information at the project level and is used to build a single project or subproject. Other users can share the project (.dsp) file, but they should export the makefiles locally. fir.h This is the main header file for the application. It includes other project specific headers (including Resource.h) and declares the CFirApp application class. fir.cpp This is the main application source file that contains the application class CFirApp. fir.rc This is a listing of all of the Microsoft Windows resources that the program uses. It includes the icons, bitmaps, and cursors that are stored in the RES subdirectory. This file can be directly edited in Microsoft Visual C++. fir.clw This file contains information used by ClassWizard to edit existing classes or add new classes. ClassWizard also uses this file to store information needed to create and edit message maps and dialog data maps and to create prototype member functions. res\fir.ico This is an icon file, which is used as the application's icon. This icon is included by the main resource file fir.rc. res\fir.rc2 This file contains resources that are not edited by Microsoft Visual C++. You should place all resources not editable by the resource editor in this file. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// For the main frame window: MainFrm.h, MainFrm.cpp These files contain the frame class CMainFrame, which is derived from CFrameWnd and controls all SDI frame features. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// AppWizard creates one document type and one view: firDoc.h, firDoc.cpp - the document These files contain your CFirDoc class. Edit these files to add your special document data and to implement file saving and loading (via CFirDoc::Serialize). firView.h, firView.cpp - the view of the document These files contain your CFirView class. CFirView objects are used to view CFirDoc objects. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Other standard files: StdAfx.h, StdAfx.cpp These files are used to build a precompiled header (PCH) file named fir.pch and a precompiled types file named StdAfx.obj. Resource.h This is the standard header file, which defines new resource IDs. Microsoft Visual C++ reads and updates this file. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Other notes: AppWizard uses "TODO:" to indicate parts of the source code you should add to or customize. If your application uses MFC in a shared DLL, and your application is in a language other than the operating system's current language, you will need to copy the corresponding localized resources MFC42XXX.DLL from the Microsoft Visual C++ CD-ROM onto the system or system32 directory, and rename it to be MFCLOC.DLL. ("XXX" stands for the language abbreviation. For example, MFC42DEU.DLL contains resources translated to German.) If you don't do this, some of the UI elements of your application will remain in the language of the operating system. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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