SpringCloud Alibaba Sentinel实现熔断与限流

一、Sentinel介绍

官网：https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel
官网中文：https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E7%BB%8D
下载地址：https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/releases

安装Sentinel控制台
前提：java8环境OK，8080端口不能被占用
命令：java -jar sentinel-dashboard-1.7.0.jar

访问sentinel管理界 http://localhost:8080，登录账号密码均为sentinel

二、初始化演示工程

（1）新建工程进行配置

pom依赖

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
            <artifactId>sentinel-datasource-nacos</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
      
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
            <version>4.6.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

yml配置

server:
  port: 8401

spring:
  application:
    name: cloudalibaba-sentinel-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848
    sentinel:
      transport:
        dashboard: localhost:8080
        port: 8719  #默认8719，假如被占用了会自动从8719开始依次+1扫描。直至找到未被占用的端口

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'

主启动

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class MainApp8401
{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MainApp8401.class, args);
    }
}

业务类FlowLimitController

@RestController
public class FlowLimitController
{
    @GetMapping("/testA")
    public String testA() {
        return "------testA";
    }

    @GetMapping("/testB")
    public String testB() {

        return "------testB";
    }

}

（2）启动8401微服务后查看sentienl控制台

Sentinel采用的懒加载说明，执行一次访问即可
http://localhost:8401/testA
http://localhost:8401/testB

效果

三、流控规则

（1）直接（默认）

系统默认：直接->快速失败
配置及说明

测试
快速点击访问http://localhost:8401/testA

（2）关联
当与A关联的资源B达到阈值后，就限流自己

配置A

postman模拟并发密集访问testB

大批量线程高并发访问B，导致A失效了

（3）链路

快速请求A，请求阻塞，一秒一次，请求成功

（4）预热
默认coldFactor为3，即请求QPS从threshold/3开始，经预热时长逐渐升至设定的QPS阈值。

官网说明：https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/wiki/%E9%99%90%E6%B5%81—%E5%86%B7%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8

源码：com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.controller.WarmUpController

配置：

（5）排队等待

官网：

源码：com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.controller.RateLimiterController

四、降级规则

（1）RT配置

代码

  @GetMapping("/testD")
   public String testD()
   {
    try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
    log.info("testD 测试RT");

  return "------testD";
   }
 

配置

jmeter压测，结论

（2）异常比例

代码

@GetMapping("/testD")
    public String testD()
    {

        log.info("testD 测试RT");
        int age = 10/0;
        return "------testD";
    }
 
 

配置

jmeter

结论

（3）异常数


代码

@GetMapping("/testE")
public String testE()
{
    log.info("testE 测试异常数");
    int age = 10/0;
    return "------testE 测试异常数";
}

配置

五、热点key限流

官网：https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/wiki/热点参数限流

核心注解：@SentinelResource

代码：com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException

@GetMapping("/testHotKey")
@SentinelResource(value = "testHotKey",blockHandler = "deal_testHotKey")
public String testHotKey(@RequestParam(value = "p1",required = false) String p1,
                         @RequestParam(value = "p2",required = false) String p2) {
    //int age = 10/0;
    return "------testHotKey";
}
 
//兜底方法
public String deal_testHotKey (String p1, String p2, BlockException exception){
    return "------deal_testHotKey,o(╥﹏╥)o";  
}
 
 

方法testHostKey里面第一个参数只要QPS超过每秒1次，马上降级处理

具体配置：

系统规则：

六、@SentinelResource

（1）按资源名称限流+后续处理

@RestController
public class RateLimitController
{
    @GetMapping("/byResource")
    @SentinelResource(value = "byResource",blockHandler = "handleException")![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/8fc875c791954a32a01bd1a00729891e.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBAVHdpdGNoUg==,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16)

    public CommonResult byResource()
    {
        return new CommonResult(200,"按资源名称限流测试OK",new Payment(2020L,"serial001"));
    }
    public CommonResult handleException(BlockException exception)
    {
        return new CommonResult(444,exception.getClass().getCanonicalName()+"\t 服务不可用");
    }
 

（2）按照Url地址限流+后续处理

@GetMapping("/rateLimit/byUrl")
@SentinelResource(value = "byUrl")
public CommonResult byUrl()
{
    return new CommonResult(200,"按url限流测试OK",new Payment(2020L,"serial002"));
}
 

（3）客户自定义限流处理逻辑

创建customerBlockHandler类用于自定义限流处理逻辑

public class CustomerBlockHandler {

    public static CommonResult handleException(BlockException exception) {
        return new CommonResult(2020, "自定义限流处理信息....CustomerBlockHandler");

    }
}
 

业务RateLimitController

@GetMapping("/rateLimit/customerBlockHandler")
@SentinelResource(value = "customerBlockHandler",
        blockHandlerClass = CustomerBlockHandler.class,
        blockHandler = "handlerException2")
public CommonResult customerBlockHandler()
{
    return new CommonResult(200,"按客戶自定义",new Payment(2020L,"serial003"));
}
 

（4）原理说明

Sentinel主要有三个核心API：
SphU定义资源
Tracer定义统计
ContextUtil定义了上下文

七、服务熔断功能

sentinel整合ribbon+openFeign+fallback

（1）Ribbon系列

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class CircleBreakerController {
   
    public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";

    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

   
    
    @RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
    //@SentinelResource(value = "fallback") //没有配置
    //@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handlerFallback") //fallback只负责业务异常
    //@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler") //blockHandler只负责sentinel控制台配置违规
    @SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handlerFallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler",
            exceptionsToIgnore = {IllegalArgumentException.class})
    public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id) {
        CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/"+id, CommonResult.class,id);

        if (id == 4) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException ("IllegalArgumentException,非法参数异常....");
        }else if (result.getData() == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException ("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录,空指针异常");
        }

        return result;
    }
  
    //fallback
    public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable  Long id,Throwable e) {
        Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
        return new CommonResult<>(444,"兜底异常handlerFallback,exception内容  "+e.getMessage(),payment);
    }
  
    //blockHandler
    public CommonResult blockHandler(@PathVariable  Long id,BlockException blockException) {
        Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
        return new CommonResult<>(445,"blockHandler-sentinel限流,无此流水: blockException  "+blockException.getMessage(),payment);
    }


}

fallback管运行异常，blockHandler管配置违规

fallback和blockHandler都配置，正常报错进入fallback，异常次数过多满足block配置则进入block

（2）Feign系列

yml配置

server:
  port: 84


spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-order-consumer
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 192.168.40.128:8848
    sentinel:
      transport:
        dashboard: localhost:8080
        port: 8719

service-url:
  nacos-user-service: http://nacos-payment-provider


#对Feign的支持
feign:
  sentinel:
    enabled: true

业务类

带@FeignClient注解的业务接口

@FeignClient(value = "nacos-payment-provider",fallback = PaymentFallbackService.class)
public interface PaymentService
{
    @GetMapping(value = "/paymentSQL/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
}

PaymentFallbackService实现类

@Component
public class PaymentFallbackService implements PaymentService
{
    @Override
    public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(Long id)
    {
        return new CommonResult<>(44444,"服务降级返回,---PaymentFallbackService",new Payment(id,"errorSerial"));
    }
}
 

Controller

// OpenFeign
@Resource
private PaymentService paymentService;

@GetMapping(value = "/consumer/paymentSQL/{id}")
public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
    return paymentService.paymentSQL(id);
}
 

主启动，添加@EnableFeignClients启动Feign的功能

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
public class OrderNacosMain84
{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderNacosMain84.class, args);
    }
}
 
 

（3）熔断框架比较

八、规则持久化

POM依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
    <artifactId>sentinel-datasource-nacos</artifactId>
</dependency>

YML配置

server:
  port: 8401

spring:
  application:
    name: cloudalibaba-sentinel-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848 #Nacos服务注册中心地址
    sentinel:
      transport:
        dashboard: localhost:8080 #配置Sentinel dashboard地址
        port: 8719
      datasource:  #配置nocos数据源，将sentinel配置持久化到nacos中
        ds1:
          nacos:
            server-addr: localhost:8848
            dataId: cloudalibaba-sentinel-service
            groupId: DEFAULT_GROUP
            data-type: json
            rule-type: flow

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'

feign:
  sentinel:
    enabled: true # 激活Sentinel对Feign的支持

添加Nacos业务规则配置