简单总结一下几种继承的方法，简单易懂

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-14 15:52:39 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-01-14 15:52:39 发布

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分类专栏：前端文章标签：原型模式 javascript 前端

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44890362/article/details/123421355

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1.原型链继承。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>Document</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <script>
      function Animal() {
        this.colors = ["black", "white"];
        this.color = "green";
      }
      Animal.prototype.getColor = function () {
        return this.color;
      };
      function Dog() {}
      // 将动物的构造函数new的对象赋值给Dog的原型
      Dog.prototype = new Animal();
      let dog1 = new Dog();
      dog1.colors.push("brown");
      let dog2 = new Dog();
      console.log(dog2.colors);
      console.log(dog2.getColor());
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

2.组合继承。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>Document</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <script>
      function Animal(name) {
        this.name = name;
        this.colors = ["blue", "green"];
      }
      Animal.prototype.getName = function () {
        return this.name;
      };
      //改变Dog的this指向让它指向Animal
      function Dog(name, age) {
        Animal.call(this, name);
        this.age = age;
      }

      Dog.prototype = new Animal();
      Dog.prototype.constructor = Dog;
      let dog1 = new Dog("夏天", 1);
      console.log(dog1.getName());
      dog1.colors.push("yellow");
      console.log(dog1);
      let dog2 = new Dog("冬天", 2);
      console.log(dog2);
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

3.寄生式组合继承

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>Document</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <script>
      function Animal(name) {
        this.name = name;
        this.colors = ["blue", "green"];
      }
      Animal.prototype.getName = function () {
        return this.name;
      };
      function Dog(name, age) {
        Animal.call(this, name);
        this.age = age;
      }

      Dog.prototype = Object.create(Animal.prototype);
      Dog.prototype.constructor = Dog;

      let dog1 = new Dog("冬天", 1);
      dog1.colors.push("red");
      console.log(dog1);
      console.log(dog1.getName());
      let dog2 = new Dog("秋天", 2);
      console.log(dog2);
      console.log(dog2.getName());
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

4.class类继承。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>Document</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <script>
      class Animal {
        constructor(name) {
          this.name = name;
          this.colors = ["blue", "pink"];
        }
        getName() {
          return this.name + "" + this.age;
        }
      }
      class Dog extends Animal {
        constructor(name, age) {
          super(name);
          this.age = age;
        }
      }
      let dog1 = new Dog("小花", 12);
      let dog2 = new Dog("小为", 11);
      dog1.colors.push("hotpink");
      console.log(dog1);
      console.log(dog2);
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

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简单总结一下几种继承的方法，简单易懂

1.原型链继承。<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
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