SpringBoot的四种属性注入方式

在SpringBoot中，提供了一种新的属性注入方式，支持各种java基本数据类型及复杂类型的注入。

下面进行代码示例

创建application.properties配置文件，SpringBoot在服务器启动时会默认自动读取该配置文件，并进行相关信息的配置，下面准备一段用于演示的配置信息

jdbc.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/you
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root

创建JdbcProperties类用于注入准备

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "jdbc")
/*
1.通过@ConfigurationProperties来声明当前类为属性读取类
2.prefix = "jdbc" 在读取application.properties文件中前缀为jdbc的值
3.类的属性要与配置文件中jdbc.后面的部分一致
4.该类需要准备getter和setter方法
*/
public class JdbcProperties {
    private String url;
    private String driverClassName;
    private String username;
    private String password;

    public String getUrl() {
        return url;
    }

    public void setUrl(String url) {
        this.url = url;
    }

    public String getDriverClassName() {
        return driverClassName;
    }

    public void setDriverClassName(String driverClassName) {
        this.driverClassName = driverClassName;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
}

下面开始进行注入，一共有3种方式注入

1.自动注入（使用注解@Autowired）

/*

@EnableConfigurationProperties(JdbcProperties.class)用于声明要使用JdbcProperties这个类对象

*/

@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties(JdbcProperties.class)
public class JdbcConfiguration {
    @Autowired
    private JdbcProperties jdbcProperties;
    @Bean
    public DataSource dataSource() {
        DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        dataSource.setUrl(jdbcProperties.getUrl());
        dataSource.setDriverClassName(jdbcProperties.getDriverClassName());
        dataSource.setUsername(jdbcProperties.getUsername());
        dataSource.setPassword(jdbcProperties.getPassword());
        return dataSource;
    }
}

2.构造函数注入

@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties(JdbcProperties.class)
public class JdbcConfiguration {
    @Autowired
    private JdbcProperties jdbcProperties;

    public void setJdbcProperties(JdbcProperties jdbcProperties) {
        this.jdbcProperties = jdbcProperties;
    }

    @Bean
    public DataSource dataSource() {
        DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        dataSource.setUrl(jdbcProperties.getUrl());
        dataSource.setDriverClassName(jdbcProperties.getDriverClassName());
        dataSource.setUsername(jdbcProperties.getUsername());
        dataSource.setPassword(jdbcProperties.getPassword());
        return dataSource;
    }
}

3.参数注入

@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties(JdbcProperties.class)
public class JdbcConfiguration {
    @Autowired
    private JdbcProperties jdbcProperties;

    @Bean
    public DataSource dataSource(JdbcProperties jdbcProperties) {
        DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        dataSource.setUrl(jdbcProperties.getUrl());
        dataSource.setDriverClassName(jdbcProperties.getDriverClassName());
        dataSource.setUsername(jdbcProperties.getUsername());
        dataSource.setPassword(jdbcProperties.getPassword());
        return dataSource;
    }
}

4.最简便的注入方式

@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties(JdbcProperties.class)
public class JdbcConfiguration {
    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "jdbc")
    public DataSource dataSource() {
        DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        return dataSource;
    }
}

@EnableConfigurationProperties(JdbcProperties.class)可以直接作用在需要使用@Bean的方法上，Springboot会自动调用这个Bean（前提是该类要有对应的set方法）