简介SpringMVC
SpringMVC是一种基于Spring实现了Web MVC设计模式的请求驱动类型的轻量级Web框架,使用了MVC的架构模式思想,将Web层进行指责解耦,并管理应用所需的生命周期,为简化日常开发,提供了很大便利。
SpringMVC使用流程
- 导入springMVC相关jar
- springMVC配置web.xml
- 配置springMVC配置文件
- 处理模型数据
导入SpringMVC相关jar
maven配置:
<!-- spring start -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
<version>1.8.10</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.8.10</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/aopalliance/aopalliance -->
<dependency>
<groupId>aopalliance</groupId>
<artifactId>aopalliance</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-beans -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-expression -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
<version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-logging/commons-logging -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/log4j/log4j -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring end -->
<!-- springMVC start -->
<!-- spring-web-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring-web-mvc-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- springMVC end -->
SpringMVC配置web.xml
在web.xml中配置DispatcherServlet:
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
标签理解:
标签 | 简介 |
---|---|
< init-param> | springMVC配置文件默认在WEB-INF下,如果需要放在src下, 则需要在web.xml 配置DispatcherServlet中配置用< init-param>标签进行配置。 |
< load-on-startup>1</ load-on-startup> | 表示在WEB容器启动时就实例化DispatcherServlet,而不是等到该servlet被选择时。正数数字越小,优先级越高。 |
< url-pattern>/</ url-pattern> | 表示拦截所有的请求 |
如果用到REST风格URL,还需在web.xml中配置HidddenHttpMethodFilter
<!-- 配置HiddenHttpMethodFilter 作用可以把post请求转为delete或者put请求 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
配置SpringMVC配置文件
spring-config.xml文件配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 需要扫描的spring控制类 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="包全限定名"/>
<!-- 静态资源 -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!-- 启用spring mvc 注解 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!-- 视图解析器配置:如何把handler方法返回的值解析为实际的物理视图(该解析器用于JSP页面) -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!--配置直接跳转转发的页面 而无需经过Handler的方法 -->
<mvc:view-controller path="/hello" view-name="hello"/>
</beans>
处理模型数据
模型处理方式 | 了解 |
---|---|
ModelAndView | 处理方法返回值类型为ModelAndView时,方法体即可通过该对象添加模型数据。 |
Map | 入参为 org.spriingframework.ui.ModelMap 或者 java.uti.Map 时,处理方法返回时,Map 中的数据会自动添加到模型中。 |
注意:JSP页面EL表达式开关必须打开,否则页面不会正常显示,如下:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8" isELIgnored="false"%>
springMVC注解
1)、@Controller
@Controller注解的类表示该类是个控制器类。
2)、@ResquestMapping
使用 @ResquestMapping 映射请求
@ResquestMapping 可以用到类上,也可以用到方法上,
如果类上加上了该注解,那么该control下的所有方法的mapping前面都会自动加上类上的mapping。