MySQL 练习题

本来是50题，做题中发现有重复，删去了一道，剩49

数据

```mysql
CREATE TABLE `Student`(
    `s_id` VARCHAR(20),
    `s_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
    `s_birth` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
    `s_sex` VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
    PRIMARY KEY(`s_id`)
);

CREATE TABLE `Course`(
    `c_id`  VARCHAR(20),
    `c_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
    `t_id` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY(`c_id`)
);

CREATE TABLE `Teacher`(
    `t_id` VARCHAR(20),
    `t_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
    PRIMARY KEY(`t_id`)
);

CREATE TABLE `Score`(
    `s_id` VARCHAR(20),
    `c_id`  VARCHAR(20),
    `s_score` INT(3),
    PRIMARY KEY(`s_id`,`c_id`)
);

insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');
insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');
insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-05-20' , '男');
insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-08-06' , '男');
insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-03-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-07-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('08' , '王菊' , '1990-01-20' , '女');

insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02');
insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01');
insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03');
 

insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三');
insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四');
insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五');
 

insert into Score values('01' , '01' , 80);
insert into Score values('01' , '02' , 90);
insert into Score values('01' , '03' , 99);
insert into Score values('02' , '01' , 70);
insert into Score values('02' , '02' , 60);
insert into Score values('02' , '03' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '01' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '02' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '03' , 80);
insert into Score values('04' , '01' , 50);
insert into Score values('04' , '02' , 30);
insert into Score values('04' , '03' , 20);
insert into Score values('05' , '01' , 76);
insert into Score values('05' , '02' , 87);
insert into Score values('06' , '01' , 31);
insert into Score values('06' , '03' , 34);
insert into Score values('07' , '02' , 89);
insert into Score values('07' , '03' , 98);

题目&答案
1. 查询" 01 "课程比" 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
SELECT a.*,b.s_score AS 01_score,c.s_score AS 02_score
FROM Student a 
JOIN Score b ON b.s_id=a.s_id AND b.c_id='01'
LEFT JOIN Score c ON c.s_id=a.s_id AND c.c_id='02' OR c.c_id=NULL 
WHERE b.s_score>c.s_score

2. 查询" 01 "课程比" 02 "课程成绩低的学生的信息及课程分数
SELECT c.*,d.01score,d.02score
FROM Student c
RIGHT JOIN (
SELECT a.s_id,a.s_score AS 01score,b.s_score AS 02score
FROM (
SELECT s_id,c_id,s_score FROM Score WHERE c_id='01') a JOIN(
SELECT s_id,c_id,s_score FROM Score WHERE c_id='02') b ON b.s_id=a.s_id 
AND a.s_score<b.s_score) d
ON d.s_id=c.s_id

3.查询同时存在" 01 "课程和" 02 "课程的情况
SELECT a.*,b.s_score AS 01_score,c.s_score AS 02_score
FROM Student a
JOIN Score b ON b.s_id=a.s_id AND b.c_id='01' 
JOIN Score c ON c.s_id=a.s_id AND c.c_id='02'

4.查询存在" 01 "课程但可能不存在" 02 "课程的情况(不存在时显示为 null )
SELECT a.*,b.s_score AS 01_score,c.s_score AS 02_score
FROM Student a
JOIN Score b ON b.s_id=a.s_id AND b.c_id='01' 
LEFT JOIN Score c ON c.s_id=a.s_id AND c.c_id='02' OR c.c_id IS NULL

5.查询不存在" 01 "课程但存在" 02 "课程的情况*
SELECT *
FROM Student a 
JOIN Score c ON c.s_id=a.s_id AND (c.c_id!='01' AND c.c_id='02')

6. 查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩
SELECT a.s_id,a.s_name,ROUND(AVG(b.s_score),2) AS avg_score
FROM Student a 
JOIN Score b ON b.s_id=a.s_id 
GROUP BY a.s_id,a.s_name
HAVING ROUND(AVG(b.s_score),2)>=60
#round(x,d)，x指要处理的数，d是指保留几位小数

7. 查询在 SC 表存在成绩的学生信息
SELECT DISTINCT b.*
FROM Score a
LEFT JOIN Student b ON b.s_id=a.s_id

8. 查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩(没成绩的显示为 null )
SELECT a.s_id,a.s_name,count(c_id),sum(s_score)
FROM Student a
LEFT JOIN Score b ON b.s_id=a.s_id OR s_score=NULL
GROUP BY a.s_id,a.s_name 

9. 查有成绩的学生信息
SELECT DISTINCT b.*
FROM Score a
left JOIN Student b ON b.s_id=a.s_id 

10. 查询「李」姓老师的数量 
SELECT COUNT(t_name)
FROM Teacher
WHERE t_name LIKE '李%' 

11. 查询学过「张三」老师授课的同学的信息 
SELECT a.*
FROM Student a
JOIN Score b ON b.s_id=a.s_id WHERE b.c_id IN (
	SELECT c_id FROM Course WHERE t_id IN(
		SELECT t_id FROM Teacher WHERE t_name LIKE '张三'))

12. 查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息 
SELECT a.s_id,a.s_name
FROM Student a
JOIN Score b ON b.s_id=a.s_id  
GROUP BY a.s_id,a.s_name HAVING COUNT(c_id)<3

13. 查询至少有一门课与学号为" 01 "的同学所学相同的同学的信息 
SELECT * FROM Student
WHERE s_id IN
	(SELECT DISTINCT s_id FROM Score WHERE c_id IN
		(SELECT c_id FROM Score WHERE s_id='01'))

14. 查询和" 01 "号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息 
SELECT * FROM Student WHERE s_id IN
	(SELECT s_id FROM Score WHERE c_id IN
		(SELECT c_id FROM Score WHERE s_id='01') AND s_id!='01'
GROUP BY s_id 
HAVING COUNT(*)=(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Score WHERE s_id='01'))

15. 查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名 
SELECT s_name
FROM Student WHERE s_id NOT IN(
SELECT s_id FROM Score WHERE c_id IN(
	SELECT c_id FROM Course WHERE t_id IN(
		SELECT t_id FROM Teacher WHERE t_name LIKE '张三'))
GROUP BY s_id)

16. 查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号，姓名及其平均成绩 
SELECT a.s_id,a.s_name,AVG(b.s_score) AS avg_score
FROM Student a 
JOIN Score b ON b.s_id=a.s_id
WHERE a.s_id IN (
	SELECT s_id FROM Score WHERE s_score<60 GROUP BY s_id HAVING COUNT(1)>=2)
GROUP BY a.s_id,a.s_name

17. 检索" 01 "课程分数小于 60，按分数降序排列的学生信息
SELECT a.*,b.s_score FROM Student a
JOIN (
SELECT * FROM Score WHERE c_id='01' AND s_score<60) b ON b.s_id=a.s_id
ORDER BY s_score DESC

18. 按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的三门课程的成绩以及平均成绩
SELECT a.s_id,
			 (SELECT s_score FROM Score WHERE s_id=a.s_id AND c_id='01') AS '语文',
			 (SELECT s_score FROM Score WHERE s_id=a.s_id AND c_id='02') AS '数学',
			 (SELECT s_score FROM Score WHERE s_id=a.s_id AND c_id='03') AS '英语',
			 ROUND(AVG(s_score),2) AS avg_score 
FROM Score a
GROUP BY a.s_id 
ORDER BY avg_score DESC

19. 查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分：

    以如下形式显示：课程 ID，课程 name，最高分，最低分，平均分，及格率，中等率，优良率，优秀率
    及格为>=60，中等为：70-80，优良为：80-90，优秀为：>=90
    要求输出课程号和选修人数，查询结果按人数降序排列，若人数相同，按课程号升序排列
SELECT a.c_id,b.c_name,
       MAX(a.s_score) AS max_score,
			 MIN(a.s_score) AS min_score,
       AVG(a.s_score) AS avg_score,
			 ROUND(100*(SUM(CASE WHEN a.s_score>=60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 end)/SUM(CASE WHEN a.s_score THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)),2) AS '及格率',
			 ROUND(100*(SUM(CASE WHEN a.s_score >=70 AND a.s_score <=80 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN a.s_score THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)),2) AS '中等率',
			 ROUND(100*(SUM(CASE WHEN a.s_score >=80 AND a.s_score <=90 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN a.s_score THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)),2) AS '优良率',
			 ROUND(100*(SUM(CASE WHEN a.s_score>=90 THEN 1 ELSE 0 end)/SUM(CASE WHEN a.s_score THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)),2) AS '优秀率'
FROM Score a 
JOIN Course b ON b.c_id=a.c_id
GROUP BY a.c_id 
#CASE WHEN ... THEN ... ELSE ... END搜索函数

20. 按各科成绩进行排序，并显示排名， Score 重复时保留名次空缺（Score 重复时合并名次）
SELECT a.s_id,a.c_id,
       @i:=@i+1 AS 'i保留排名',
			 @k:=(CASE WHEN @Score=a.s_score THEN @k ELSE @i END) AS 'rank不保留排名',
			 @Score:=a.s_score AS score
FROM (SELECT s_id,c_id,s_score FROM Score 
			GROUP BY s_id,c_id,s_score
			ORDER BY s_score DESC
) a,(SELECT @k:=0,@i:=0,@Score:=0) b
#MySQL中自增序列（@i:=@i+1）“,”后面跟初始值

21.  查询学生的总成绩，并进行排名，总分重复时保留名次空缺（总分重复时不保留名次空缺）
SELECT a.s_id,
			 @i:=@i+1 AS 'i保留排名',
			 @k:=(CASE WHEN @Score=a.sum_score THEN @k ELSE @i END) AS 'rank不保留排名',
			 @Score:=a.sum_score AS score
		 FROM (SELECT s_id,SUM(s_score) AS sum_score FROM Score
		 GROUP BY s_id
		 ORDER BY sum_score DESC
		 ) a,(SELECT @k:=0,@i:=0,@Score:=0) b

22. 统计各科成绩各分数段人数：课程编号，课程名称，[100-85]，[85-70]，[70-60]，[60-0] 及所占百分比
SELECT DISTINCT f.c_name,a.c_id,b.`85-100`,b.百分比,c.`70-85`,c.百分比,d.`60-70`,d.百分比,e.`0-60`,e.百分比
FROM Score a
LEFT JOIN (SELECT c_id,SUM(CASE WHEN s_score >85 AND s_score<=100 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS `85-100`,
					ROUND(100*(SUM(CASE WHEN s_score >85 AND s_score<=100 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(*)),2)          AS 百分比 
					FROM Score GROUP BY c_id) b ON b.c_id=a.c_id
LEFT JOIN (SELECT c_id,SUM(CASE WHEN s_score >70 AND s_score<=85 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS `70-85`,
					ROUND(100*(SUM(CASE WHEN s_score >70 AND s_score<=85 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(*)),2)          AS 百分比 
					FROM Score GROUP BY c_id) c ON c.c_id=a.c_id
LEFT JOIN (SELECT c_id,SUM(CASE WHEN s_score >60 AND s_score<=70 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS `60-70`,
					ROUND(100*(SUM(CASE WHEN s_score >60 AND s_score<=70 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(*)),2)          AS 百分比 
					FROM Score GROUP BY c_id) d ON d.c_id=a.c_id
LEFT JOIN (SELECT c_id,SUM(CASE WHEN s_score >0 AND s_score<=60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS `0-60`,
					ROUND(100*(SUM(CASE WHEN s_score >0 AND s_score<=60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(*)),2) AS          百分比 
					FROM Score GROUP BY c_id) e ON e.c_id=a.c_id
LEFT JOIN Course f on a.c_id = f.c_id

23. 查询各科成绩前三名的记录*
SELECT a.s_id,a.c_id,a.s_score
FROM Score a
LEFT JOIN Score b ON a.c_id = b.c_id AND a.s_score<b.s_score
GROUP BY a.c_id,a.s_id,a.s_score HAVING COUNT(a.s_id)<3
ORDER BY a.c_id,a.s_score DESC

24. 查询每门课程被选修的学生数 
SELECT c_id,COUNT(*)
FROM Score
GROUP BY c_id

25. 查询出只选修两门课程的学生学号和姓名 
SELECT s_id,s_name
FROM Student 
WHERE s_id IN (
	SELECT s_id
	FROM Score 
	GROUP BY s_id 
	HAVING COUNT(c_id)=2
)

26. 查询男生、女生人数
SELECT s_sex,COUNT(s_sex) 
FROM Student 
GROUP BY s_sex

27. 查询名字中含有「风」字的学生信息
SELECT *
FROM Student
WHERE s_name LIKE '%风%'

28. 查询同名同性学生名单，并统计同名人数
SELECT a.s_name,a.s_sex,COUNT(*)
FROM Student a
JOIN Student b ON a.s_id!=b.s_id AND a.s_name=b.s_name AND a.s_sex=b.s_sex
GROUP BY a.s_name,a.s_sex

29. 查询 1990 年出生的学生名单
SELECT s_name
FROM Student 
WHERE YEAR(s_birth)='1990's_name

30. 查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩降序排列，平均成绩相同时，按课程编号升序排列
SELECT c_id,AVG(s_score) AS avg_score
FROM Score
GROUP BY c_id
ORDER BY avg_score DESC ,c_id ASC

31. 查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩 
SELECT a.s_id,a.s_name,b.avg_score
FROM Student a 
JOIN (
SELECT s_id,AVG(s_score) AS avg_score
FROM Score 
GROUP BY s_id HAVING AVG(s_score)>=85) b
ON b.s_id=a.s_id

32. 查询课程名称为「数学」，且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数 
SELECT a.s_name,b.s_score
FROM Student a 
RIGHT JOIN(
		SELECT s_id,s_score
		FROM Score 
		WHERE c_id IN(
				SELECT c_id
				FROM Course 
				WHERE c_name LIKE '数学') AND s_score < 60) b
ON b.s_id=a.s_id
				
33. 查询所有学生的课程及分数情况（存在学生没成绩，没选课的情况）*
SELECT a.s_id,a.s_name,
			 SUM(CASE c.c_name WHEN '语文' THEN b.s_score ELSE 0 END) AS '语文',
			 SUM(CASE c.c_name WHEN '数学' THEN b.s_score ELSE 0 END) AS '数学',
			 SUM(CASE c.c_name WHEN '英语' THEN b.s_score ELSE 0 END) AS '英语',
			 SUM(b.s_score) AS '总分'
 FROM Student a LEFT JOIN Score b ON b.s_id=a.s_id
 LEFT JOIN Course c ON c.c_id=b.c_id
GROUP BY a.s_id,a.s_name

34. 查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数
SELECT d.s_name,c.c_name,d.s_score FROM Course c JOIN (
			SELECT a.s_name,b.s_score,b.c_id FROM Student a JOIN 
						(SELECT * FROM Score WHERE s_score > 70) b ON b.s_id=a.s_id) d 
ON d.c_id=c.c_id

35. 查询不及格的课程
SELECT b.s_id,a.c_id,a.c_name,b.s_score
FROM Course a RIGHT JOIN (
		SELECT * FROM Score WHERE s_score < 60) b
ON b.c_id=a.c_id

36. 查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 80 分以上的学生的学号和姓名
SELECT a.s_id,a.s_name FROM Student a RIGHT JOIN (
SELECT s_id FROM Score WHERE c_id='01' AND s_score>=80) b
ON b.s_id=a.s_id

37. 求每门课程的学生人数 
SELECT c_id,COUNT(*)
FROM Score 
GROUP BY c_id

38. 查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
SELECT c.*,d.s_score FROM Student c RIGHT JOIN (
SELECT a.s_id,a.s_score FROM Score a RIGHT JOIN (
			 SELECT c_id FROM Course WHERE t_id IN (
						 SELECT t_id FROM Teacher WHERE t_name LIKE '张三')) b
ON b.c_id=a.c_id
ORDER BY a.s_score DESC
LIMIT 1) d
ON d.s_id=c.s_id

39. 查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩 
SELECT DISTINCT a.s_id,a.c_id,a.s_score
FROM Score a
JOIN Score b ON b.c_id!=a.c_id AND a.s_score=b.s_score
#第二种
SELECT DISTINCT a.s_id,a.c_id,a.s_score
FROM Score a,Score b
WHERE b.c_id!=a.c_id AND a.s_score=b.s_score

40. 查询每门功课成绩最好的前两名*
SELECT a.c_id,a.s_id,a.s_score
FROM Score a 
WHERE (
			SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Score b WHERE b.c_id=a.c_id AND b.s_score>=a.s_score
) <= 2 
ORDER BY a.c_id

41. 统计每门课程的学生选修人数（超过 5 人的课程才统计）。
SELECT c_id,COUNT(*)
FROM Score
GROUP BY c_id HAVING COUNT(*) >=5

42. 检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号 
SELECT s_id,COUNT(*)
FROM Score 
GROUP BY s_id HAVING COUNT(*)>=2

43. 查询选修了全部课程的学生信息
SELECT * FROM Student WHERE s_id IN (
SELECT s_id
FROM Score 
GROUP BY s_id HAVING COUNT(*)=3)

44. 查询各学生的年龄，只按年份来算 
SELECT s_id,s_name,
	YEAR(CURDATE())-YEAR(s_birth) AS age
FROM Student

45. 按照出生日期来算，当前月日 < 出生年月的月日则，年龄减一
SELECT s_birth,
			 (DATE_FORMAT(NOW(),'%Y')-DATE_FORMAT(s_birth,'%Y')-
			 (CASE WHEN DATE_FORMAT(NOW(),'%m%d')>DATE_FORMAT(s_birth,'%m%d') THEN 0 ELSE 1 END)) 
			 AS age
FROM Student
#返回格式化的日期或时间串

46. 查询本周过生日的学生
SELECT
	s_id,
	s_name 
FROM
	Student 
WHERE
	WEEKOFYEAR(s_birth) = WEEKOFYEAR(CURDATE())

47. 查询下周过生日的学生
SELECT s_id,s_name
FROM Student
WHERE WEEKOFYEAR(s_birth)=WEEKOFYEAR(DATE_ADD(CURDATE(),INTERVAL 1 WEEK)
)
#DATE_ADD用于日期运算
#INTERVAL 1 WEEK 往后一个星期
48. 查询本月过生日的学生
SELECT
	s_id,
	s_name 
FROM
	Student 
WHERE
	MONTH(s_birth) = MONTH(CURDATE())

49. 查询下月过生日的学生
SELECT s_id,s_name
FROM Student 
WHERE MONTH(s_birth)=MONTH(DATE_ADD(CURDATE(),INTERVAL 1 MONTH))