PostgreSQL递归查询实现树状结构查询

                       

在Postgresql的使用过程中发现了一个很有意思的功能，就是对于需要类似于树状结构的结果可以使用递归查询实现。比如说我们常用的公司部门这种数据结构，一般我们设计表结构的时候都是类似下面的SQL，其中parent_id为NULL时表示顶级节点，否则表示上级节点ID。

CREATE TABLE DEPARTMENT ( ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, NAME VARCHAR(32), PARENT_ID INTEGER REFERENCES DEPARTMENT(ID));
  
  
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下面我们造几条测试数据

INSERT INTO DEPARTMENT(ID, NAME, PARENT_ID) VALUES(1, 'DEPARTMENT_1', NULL);INSERT INTO DEPARTMENT(ID, NAME, PARENT_ID) VALUES(11, 'DEPARTMENT_11', 1);INSERT INTO DEPARTMENT(ID, NAME, PARENT_ID) VALUES(12, 'DEPARTMENT_12', 1);INSERT INTO DEPARTMENT(ID, NAME, PARENT_ID) VALUES(111, 'DEPARTMENT_111', 11);INSERT INTO DEPARTMENT(ID, NAME, PARENT_ID) VALUES(121, 'DEPARTMENT_121', 12);INSERT INTO DEPARTMENT(ID, NAME, PARENT_ID) VALUES(122, 'DEPARTMENT_122', 12);
  
  
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其中
- DEPARTMENT_1是顶级节点，它有两个子节点​DEPARTMENT_11和​DEPARTMENT_12。
- DEPARTMENT_11节点又有一个子节点​DEPARTMENT_111。
​- DEPARTMENT_12节点有两个子节点​DEPARTMENT_121和​DEPARTMENT_122。​

下面是递归查询生成树状结构查询语句

WITH RECURSIVE T (ID, NAME, PARENT_ID, PATH, DEPTH)  AS (    SELECT ID, NAME, PARENT_ID, ARRAY[ID] AS PATH, 1 AS DEPTH    FROM DEPARTMENT    WHERE PARENT_ID IS NULL    UNION ALL    SELECT  D.ID, D.NAME, D.PARENT_ID, T.PATH || D.ID, T.DEPTH + 1 AS DEPTH    FROM DEPARTMENT D    JOIN T ON D.PARENT_ID = T.ID    )    SELECT ID, NAME, PARENT_ID, PATH, DEPTH FROM TORDER BY PATH;
  
  
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ID  NAME            PARENT_ID   PATH      DEPTH1   DEPARTMENT_1                1         111  DEPARTMENT_11   1           1,11      2111 DEPARTMENT_111  11          1,11,111  312  DEPARTMENT_12   1           1,12      2121 DEPARTMENT_121  12          1,12,121  3122 DEPARTMENT_122  12          1,12,122  3
  
  
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本文地址：http://blog.csdn.net/kongxx/article/details/47035491