含义
observer:抽象观察者,是观察者者的抽象类,它定义了一个更新接口,使得在得到主题更改通知时更新自己。这就是我们所有粉丝的抽象
ConcrereObserver:具体观察者,实现抽象观察者定义的更新接口,以便在得到主题更改通知时更新自身的状态。具体每一个粉丝
Subject:抽象主题,他把所有观察者对象保存在一个集合里,可以有任意数量的观察者,抽象主题提供一个接口,可以增加和删除观察者对象。意思就是大咖把所有的粉丝都保存在一个账号里面,粉丝数量不限,可以新增粉丝也可以拉黑粉丝
ConcreteSubject:具体主题,该角色将有关状态存入具体观察者对象,在具体主题的内部状态发生改变时,给所有注册过的观察者发送通知。意思是我们的大咖一有动态,就会把消息给粉丝。
应用场景
1.对一个对象状态的更新,需要其他对象同步更新,而且其他对象的数量动态可变
2.对象仅需要将自己的更新通知给其他对象而不需要知道其他对象的细节
例如:
1.分布式配置中心,当配置发生改变,通过事件监听来刷新配置,常见的有,apollo,nacos,spring config
2.zk的节点,当节点发生变化,会通知所有的客户端
3.多渠道群发,当你关注了某位大咖,那么每次更新动态的时候,所有关注大咖的人,都会收到大咖的动态更新消息提示
异步多渠道群发框架
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
<artifactId>guava</artifactId>
<version>29.0-jre</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.12</version>
<!-- <scope>provided</scope>-->
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
方式一:基于内存方式实现
观察者抽象类
public interface ObServer{
//消息发送
void sendMsg(String msg);
}
短信观察者具体类
@Service
@Slf4j
public class ObServerImpl implements ObServer{
@Override
public void sendMsg(String msg) {
log.info("消息内容为:{}" + msg);
}
}
邮件观察者具体类
@Service
@Slf4j
public class ObEmailServerImpl implements ObServer{
@Override
public void sendMsg(String msg) {
log.info("邮件内容为:{}" + msg);
}
}
抽象主题
@Slf4j
public abstract class SunnySubject {
protected List<ObServer> obServerList = Lists.newArrayList();
/**
* 注册观察者
*
* @param obServer
*/
public void addObServer(ObServer obServer) {
obServerList.add(obServer);
}
/**
* 移除观察者
*
* @param obServer
*/
public void removeObServer(ObServer obServer) {
boolean contains = obServerList.contains(obServer);
if (contains) {
obServerList.remove(obServer);
}
}
/**
* 通知观察者
*/
public abstract void notifyObServer(String msg);
}
具体主题
@Slf4j
public class ConcreteSubject extends SunnySubject {
private ExecutorService executorService;
public ConcreteSubject() {
executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
}
@Override
public void notifyObServer(String msg) {
log.info("目标对象状态已变化......发送通知给观察者中");
for (ObServer ob : obServerList) {
executorService.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
ob.sendMsg(msg);
}
});
}
}
}
测试
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//初始化哦
SunnySubject sunnySubject = new ConcreteSubject();
//注册
sunnySubject.addObServer(new SmsObServer());
sunnySubject.addObServer(new EmailObServer());
//通知
sunnySubject.notifyObServer("你好,观察者");
}
}
方式二:spring ioc
观察者与上述一致
@Slf4j
public abstract class SunnySubject {
protected List<ObServer> obServerList = Lists.newArrayList();
/**
* 注册观察者
*
* @param obServer
*/
public void addObServer(ObServer obServer) {
obServerList.add(obServer);
}
/**
* 移除观察者
*
* @param obServer
*/
public void removeObServer(ObServer obServer) {
boolean contains = obServerList.contains(obServer);
if (contains) {
obServerList.remove(obServer);
}
}
/**
* 通知观察者
*/
public abstract void notifyObServer(String msg);
}
具体主题
@Component
@Slf4j
public class ConcreteSubject extends SunnySubject {
private ExecutorService executorService;
public ConcreteSubject() {
executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
}
@Override
public void notifyObServer(String msg) {
log.info("目标对象状态已变化......发送通知给观察者中");
for (ObServer ob : obServerList) {
executorService.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
ob.sendMsg(msg);
}
});
}
}
}
spring启动配置
@Component
@Slf4j
public class ObServerConfig implements ApplicationRunner {
@Autowired
private SmsObServer smsObServer;
@Autowired
private EmailObServer emailObServer;
@Autowired
private ConcreteSubject concreteSubject;
@Override
public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
concreteSubject.addObServer(smsObServer);
concreteSubject.addObServer(emailObServer);
}
}
请求测试
@RestController
public class ObServerController {
@Autowired
private ConcreteSubject concreteSubject;
@GetMapping("/send")
public void test(){
concreteSubject.notifyObServer("你好,观察者");
}
}