双链表同单链表类似,由一个值和两个指针组成
Node.h
节点头文件
#pragma once
class Node
{
public:
int value;
Node* prev;
Node* next;
Node(int value);
~Node();
};
Node.cpp
节点源文件
#include "Node.h"
Node::Node(int value)
{
this->value = value;
prev = nullptr;
next = nullptr;
}
Node::~Node()
{
}
DoubleLinkList.h
双链表头文件
#pragma once
#include "Node.h"
class DoubleLinkList
{public:
Node* head;
Node* tail;
int length;
DoubleLinkList(int val);//有参构造
void PrintDoubleLinkList();//打印双链表
void getLength();//获取双链表长度
void append(int val);//尾部插入元素
void prepend(int val);//头部插入元素
void insert(int index, int val);//任意位置插入元素
Node* removeLast();//删除最后一个元素
Node* removeFirst();//删除第一个元素
Node* remove(int index);//删除任意位置元素
Node* get(int index);//获取元素
bool change(int index, int val);//改变元素
int search(int val);//查找元素
};
DoubleLinkList.cpp
节点源文件
#include "DoubleLinkList.h"
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
DoubleLinkList::DoubleLinkList(int val)
{
Node* newNode = new Node(val);
head = newNode;
tail = newNode;
length = 1;
}
//打印链表
void DoubleLinkList::PrintDoubleLinkList()
{
Node* temp = head;
while (temp!=nullptr) {
cout << temp->value << " ";
temp = temp->next;
}
cout << endl;
}
//获取双链表长度
void DoubleLinkList::getLength()
{
cout << "双链表长度为:" << length << endl;
}
//尾部插入
void DoubleLinkList::append(int val)
{
Node* newNode = new Node(val);
if (length == 0) {
head = newNode;
tail = newNode;
}
else {
tail->next = newNode;
newNode->prev = tail;
tail = newNode;
}
length++;
}
//头部插入
void DoubleLinkList::prepend(int val)
{
Node* newNode = new Node(val);
if (length == 0) {
head = newNode;
tail = newNode;
}
else {
newNode->next = head;
head->prev = newNode;
head = newNode;
}
length++;
}
//任意位置插入
void DoubleLinkList::insert(int index, int val)
{
if (index<0 || index>length) {
cout << "error";
}
else if (index == 0) {
prepend(val);
}
else if(index == length){
append(val);
}
else {
Node* p1 = head;
for (int i = 0; i < index - 1; i++) {
p1 = p1->next;
}
Node* p2 = p1->next;
Node* newNode = new Node(val);
newNode->prev = p1;
newNode->next = p2;
p1->next = newNode;
p2->prev = newNode;
length++;
}
}
//删除尾部
Node* DoubleLinkList::removeLast()
{
if (length == 0) {
return nullptr;
}
Node* temp = tail;
if (length == 1) {
head = nullptr;
tail = nullptr;
}
else {
tail = tail->prev;
tail->next = nullptr;
temp->prev = nullptr;
}
length--;
return temp;
}
//删除头部
Node* DoubleLinkList::removeFirst()
{
if (length == 0) {
return nullptr;
}
Node* temp = head;
if (length == 1) {
head = nullptr;
tail = nullptr;
}
else {
head = head->next;
head->prev = nullptr;
temp->next = nullptr;
}
length--;
return temp;
}
//删除任意位置
Node* DoubleLinkList::remove(int index)
{
if (index<0 || index>length) {
return nullptr;
}
if (index == 0) {
return removeFirst();
}
if (index == length - 1) {
return removeLast();
}
Node* temp = head;
for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
temp = temp->next;
}
temp->next->prev = temp->prev;
temp->prev->next = temp->next;
temp->next = nullptr;
temp->prev = nullptr;
length--;
return temp;
}
//获取元素
Node* DoubleLinkList::get(int index)
{
if (index<0 || index>length) {
return nullptr;
}
Node* temp = head;
if (index < length / 2) {
for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
temp = temp->next;
}
}
else {
temp = tail;
for (int i = length - 1; i > index; i--) {
temp = temp->prev;
}
}
return temp;
}
//改变元素
bool DoubleLinkList::change(int index, int val)
{
Node* temp = get(index);
if (temp) {
temp -> value = val;
return true;
}
return false;
}
//查找元素
int DoubleLinkList::search(int val)
{
int index = 0;
Node* temp = head;
while (temp->value != val) {
index++;
temp = temp->next;
if (temp == nullptr) {
cout << "未找到!" << endl;
return -1;
}
}
cout << "找到了!元素索引为:";
return index;
}
插入元素
1. 头部插入
1.新节点的next指向head节点
2.head节点的prev指向新节点
3.head移动至新节点
具体如下图所示:
//头部插入
void DoubleLinkList::prepend(int val)
{
Node* newNode = new Node(val);
if (length == 0) {
head = newNode;
tail = newNode;
}
else {
newNode->next = head;
head->prev = newNode;
head = newNode;
}
length++;
}
2. 尾部插入
1.尾节点tail的next指向新节点
2.新节点的prev指向尾节点tail
3.tail节点移动到新节点
//尾部插入
void DoubleLinkList::append(int val)
{
Node* newNode = new Node(val);
if (length == 0) {
head = newNode;
tail = newNode;
}
else {
tail->next = newNode;
newNode->prev = tail;
tail = newNode;
}
length++;
}
3. 任意位置插入
1.创建新节点p1指向头结点head,然后移动至插入节点前一个节点,并创建新节点p2指向p1的next节点
2.新节点的prev指向p1
3.新节点的next指向p2
4.p1节点的next指向新节点
5.p2节点的prev指向新节点
//任意位置插入
void DoubleLinkList::insert(int index, int val)
{
if (index<0 || index>length) {
cout << "error";
}
else if (index == 0) {
prepend(val);
}
else if(index == length){
append(val);
}
else {
Node* p1 = head;
for (int i = 0; i < index - 1; i++) {
p1 = p1->next;
}
Node* p2 = p1->next;
Node* newNode = new Node(val);
newNode->prev = p1;
newNode->next = p2;
p1->next = newNode;
p2->prev = newNode;
length++;
}
}
删除元素
1. 尾部删除
1.新建一个节点temp指向尾节点tail
2.尾节点tail移动至tail的prev节点
3.尾节点tail的next指向空
4.temp的prev指针指向空
//删除尾部
Node* DoubleLinkList::removeLast()
{
if (length == 0) {
return nullptr;
}
Node* temp = tail;
if (length == 1) {
head = nullptr;
tail = nullptr;
}
else {
tail = tail->prev;
tail->next = nullptr;
temp->prev = nullptr;
}
length--;
return temp;
}
2. 头部删除
1.新建一个节点temp指向头结点head
2.head节点移动到head的next指针指向的节点
3.head的prev指针指向nullptr
4.temp节点的next指针指向nullptr
//删除头部
Node* DoubleLinkList::removeFirst()
{
if (length == 0) {
return nullptr;
}
Node* temp = head;
if (length == 1) {
head = nullptr;
tail = nullptr;
}
else {
head = head->next;
head->prev = nullptr;
temp->next = nullptr;
}
length--;
return temp;
}
3. 任意位置删除
1.新建一个节点temp指向头结点head
2.temp移动到要删除的节点处
3.temp的next节点的prev指针指向temp的prev节点
4.temp的prev节点的next指针指向temp的next节点
5.temp的next节点指向nullptr
6.temp的prev节点指向nullptr
//删除任意位置
Node* DoubleLinkList::remove(int index)
{
if (index<0 || index>length) {
return nullptr;
}
if (index == 0) {
return removeFirst();
}
if (index == length - 1) {
return removeLast();
}
Node* temp = head;
for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
temp = temp->next;
}
temp->next->prev = temp->prev;
temp->prev->next = temp->next;
temp->next = nullptr;
temp->prev = nullptr;
length--;
return temp;
}
获取元素
1.比较索引和链表长度的大小
2.若索引比length小,则在链表的前一半向后找
3.若索引比length大,则在链表的后一半向前找
//获取元素
Node* DoubleLinkList::get(int index)
{
if (index<0 || index>length) {
return nullptr;
}
Node* temp = head;
if (index < length / 2) {
for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
temp = temp->next;
}
}
else {
temp = tail;
for (int i = length - 1; i > index; i--) {
temp = temp->prev;
}
}
return temp;
}
改变元素
1.获取节点
2.将节点的值改为需要的值即可
//改变元素
bool DoubleLinkList::change(int index, int val)
{
Node* temp = get(index);
if (temp) {
temp -> value = val;
return true;
}
return false;
}
查找元素
1.新建一个节点temp指向头结点head
2.不断向后移动temp并判断temp是否威空
3.最终返回索引
//查找元素
int DoubleLinkList::search(int val)
{
int index = 0;
Node* temp = head;
while (temp->value != val) {
index++;
temp = temp->next;
if (temp == nullptr) {
cout << "未找到!" << endl;
return -1;
}
}
cout << "找到了!元素索引为:";
return index;
}
测试:新建一个main文件进行测试
#include<iostream>
#include"Node.h"
#include"DoubleLinkList.h"
using namespace std;
void test01() {
DoubleLinkList* myList = new DoubleLinkList(1);
myList->append(3);
myList->append(5);
myList->append(7);
myList->append(9);
myList->PrintDoubleLinkList();
myList->getLength();
}
void test02() {
DoubleLinkList* myList1 = new DoubleLinkList(1);
myList1->append(3);
myList1->append(5);
myList1->append(7);
myList1->append(9);
//myList1->insert(5, 4);
//myList1->removeLast();
//myList1->remove(2);
//cout<<myList1->get(4)->value<<endl;
//myList1->change(2, 4);
cout<<myList1->search(5)<<endl;
myList1->PrintDoubleLinkList();
myList1->getLength();
}
int main() {
//test01();
test02();
}
测试结果如下: