字符串内置方法大全

方法	描述	代码
capitalize	第一个字符大写，其余小写	>>> str='this is a dog lovely' >>> str.capitalize() 'This is a dog lovely'
casefold	返回全小写	>>> str='This is a lovely dog' >>> str.casefold() 'this is a lovely dog'
center(width)	居中字符串,并使用空格填充长度为width的新字符串	>>> str='This is a lovely dog' >>> str.center(30) ' This is a lovely dog '
count（sub,start,end）	含有sub字符长的次数,start,和end为查找范围，不写默认为整个字符串	>>> str='This is a lovely dog' >>> str.count('o',0,12) 1
encode	字符串编码转换，默认为 encoding=‘utf-8’
endswith（sub)	字符串是否以sub为结尾，返回True或者False	>>> str='This is a lovely dog' >>> str.endswith('dog') True
expandtabs(tabsize)	把字符串中tab符号(\t)转化为空格，不写tabsize,默认tabsize=8，从前一个子字符串首字符算起，相距后一个子字符串首字符为tabsize	>>> str='This\tis\ta\tlovely\tdog' >>> str.expandtabs() 'This is a lovely dog'
find(sub[start,end])	在一个较长的字符串里查找字串，返回子串所在位置最左端索引，如果没有找到则返回-1	>>> str='This is a lovely dog' >>> str.find('o',0,20) 11
format	字符串格式化的一种方法，将需要格式化的地方填充 {}	>>> str='{} is a lovely dog' >>> str.format('this') 'this is a lovely dog'
format_map	字符串格式化的一种方法，接收的参数为字典，通过映射的方式格式化	>>> str='{this} is a lovely dog' >>> a={'this':'that'} >>> str.format_map(a) 'that is a lovely dog'
index(sub,start,end)	与find一样，不过sub不在字符串中会出现异常	>>> str='This is a lovely dog' >>> str.index('is',0,10) 2
isalnum	至少有一个字符并且所有字符都是字母或数字，则返回True,否则返回False	>>> str='123lovely' >>> str.isalnum() True >>> str='123 lovely' >>> str.isalnum() False
isalpha	至少有一个字符并且所有字符都是字母，则返回True,否则返回False	>>> str='123lovely' >>> str.isalpha() False >>> str='lovely' >>> str.isalpha() True
isdecimal	如果字符串只包含十进制数字，返回True,否则返回False	>>> str='123' >>> str.isdecimal() True
isdigit	如果字符串只包含数字，返回True,否则返回False	>>> str='123' >>> str.isdigit() True
isidentifier	判断字符串是否为有效定义	>>> str=' ' >>> str.isidentifier() False >>> str='q' >>> str.isidentifier() True
islower	如果字符串中至少包含一个区分大小写的字母，并且全是小写，返回True,否则返回Flase	>>> str='Lovely' >>> str.islower() False
isnumeric	如果字符串只包含数字字符，返回True，否则返回False	>>> str='123lovely' >>> str.isnumeric() False
isprintable	判断字符串中所有字符是否都是可打印字符(in repr())或字符串为空	>>> str=' ' >>> str.isprintable() True
istitle	如果字符串是标题化（所有单词首字母为大写字母，其余小写），返回True,否则返回false	>>> str='This Is A Lovely Dog' >>> str.istitle() True
isupper	如果字符串中至少包含一个区分大小写的字母，并且全是大写，返回True,否则返回Flase	>>> str='This Is A Lovely Dog' >>> str.isupper() False
join(sub)	以字符串作为分隔符，插入到sub中所有的字符之间	>>> str='This Is A Lovely Dog' >>> str.join('123') '1This Is A Lovely Dog2This Is A Lovely Dog3'
ljust(width)	返回左对齐的字符串，并使用空格填充至长度为width的新字符串	>>> str='This Is A Lovely Dog' >>> str.ljust(30) 'This Is A Lovely Dog '
lower	把字符串中所有大写转化为小写	>>> str='This Is A Lovely Dog' >>> str.lower() 'this is a lovely dog'
lstrip	去掉字符串左边所有空格	>>> str=' 123lovely' >>> str.lstrip() '123lovely'
maketrans	返回一个用translate的转换表，示例中 ste与 abc为映射关系，每个字符相对应(s->a，t->b，e->c)， outtab用于替换 intab出现在需要处理的字符串中，第三个参数为需要删除的字符	​ >>> intab ='st' >>> outtab="#$" >>> deltab='_' >>> str='This is a lovely dog' >>> str=str.maketrans(intab,outtab,deltab) >>> str {115: 35, 116: 36, 95: None} ​
partition(sub)	找到字符串sub,并把字符串分为三个元组（pre_sub,sub,fol_sub) ,如果字符串中不包含则返回(“原字符串”," “,” ")	>>> str='This is a lovely dog' >>> str.partition('a') ('This is ', 'a', ' lovely dog') >>> str.partition('b') ('This is a lovely dog', '', '')
replace(old,new,count)	把字符串中old字符转化为new字符，如果count填充，则替换不超过count次	>>> str='This is a lovely dog' >>> str.replace('i','a',2) 'Thas as a lovely dog' >>> str.replace('is','at',2) 'That at a lovely dog' >>> str.replace('is','at',1) 'That is a lovely dog'
rfind(sub,start,end)	类似于find方法，不过是从右边查找	>>> str='This is a lovely dog' >>> str.rfind('o',0,3) -1 >>> str.rfind('o',0,10) -1
rindex	类似与index方法,找到返回最大的索引	>>> str='This is a lovely dog' >>> str.rindex('is') 5
rjust	返回一个右对齐的字符串，并用width填充至为width的新字符串	>>> str='This is a lovely dog' >>> str.rjust(30) ' This is a lovely dog'
rpartition	类似于partition方法，不过是从右边查找	>>> str='This is a lovely dog' >>> str.rpartition('o') ('This is a lovely d', 'o', 'g')
rsplit(sub,maxsplit)	从右向左寻找，以某个元素为中心将左右分割成两个元素并放入列表中，maxsplit参数默认为-1，表示根据指定分割字符全部分割， maxsplit=1即根据指定分割字符仅分割一次，使用效果和rpartition类似	>>> str='This is a lovely dog' >>> str.split('o') ['This is a l', 'vely d', 'g'] >>> str.split('o',1) ['This is a l', 'vely dog']
rstrip	删除字符串末尾空格，回车，制表符等	>>> str='This is a lovely dog ' >>> str.rstrip() 'This is a lovely dog'
split(sep=None,maxsplit=-1)	从左向右寻找，以某个元素为中心将左右分割成两个元素并放入列表中，maxsplit参数默认为-1，表示根据指定分割字符全部分割， maxsplit=1即根据指定分割字符仅分割一次，使用效果和partition类似	>>> str='This is a lovely dog' >>> str.split('o',-1) ['This is a l', 'vely d', 'g'] >>> str.split('o',1) ['This is a l', 'vely dog']
splitlines(keepends)	按照’\n’分隔，返回一个包含各行作为元素的列表(’\r’, ‘\r\n’, \n’)，如果keepends指定，则返回前keepends行	>>> str='''It's a nice day. with beautiful mood. and you ''' >>> str.splitlines(True) ["It's a nice day.\n", 'with beautiful mood.\n', 'and you\n']
startswith(prefix,start,end)	检查字符串是否以prefix开头，是则返回True,否则返回False	>>> str='This is a lovely dog' >>> str.startswith('This') True
strip	删除字符串左右两边的空格，回车，制表符等	>>> str=' This is a lovely dog ' >>> str.strip() 'This is a lovely dog'
swapcase	将字符串中大小写字符翻转为小大写字符	>>> str='This is a lovely dog' >>> str.swapcase() 'tHIS IS A LOVELY DOG
title()	将字符串转为标题字符串，即每个单词首字母大写	>>> str='This is a lovely dog' >>> str.title() 'This Is A Lovely Dog'
translate(table)	根据参数table给出的表(包含 256 个字符)转换字符串的字符, 要过滤掉的字符放到 del 参数中。table表是通过maketrans方法转换而来	>>> intab ='st' >>> outab="#$" >>> deltab='_' >>> str='This is a lovely dog' >>> str=str.maketrans(intab,outab,deltab) >>> str.translate(str) 'This is a lovely dog'
upper()	把字符串中所有小写转化为大写	>>> str='This is a lovely dog' >>> str.upper() 'THIS IS A LOVELY DOG'
zfill(width)	返回长度为width字符串，用0填充	>>> str='This is a lovely dog' >>> str.zfill(30) '0000000000This is a lovely dog'