Hadoop安装配置(CentOS 7伪分布式)

安装前先安装好jdk 8

Very Important：

谨记：
配置时按照官网(Apache Hadoop)说明！！！
CentOS 7 伪分布式(集群见官网)：

• 下载Hadoop到Hadoop用户的Downloads目录，解压到/user/local，并重命名以去掉版本号，授权hadoop用户：
  

• 配置Hadoop环境变量(vim ~/.bashrc)

  export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop # Hadoop安装路径
  export HADOOP_INSTALL=$HADOOP_HOME
  export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME
  export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME
  export HADOOP_HDFS_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME
  export YARN_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME
  export HADOOP_COMMON_LIB_NATIVE_DIR=$HADOOP_HOME/lib/native
  export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin

注意生效，千万别忘记！source ~/.bashrc

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官网伪分布式配置过程为：

1. 修改配置文件

• etc/hadoop/core-site.xml

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
        <value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

• etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.replication</name>
        <value>1</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

Attention please!!!

• core-site.xml需补充的property：

<property>
    <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
    <value>file:/usr/local/hadoop/tmp</value>
</property>

• hdfs-site.xml需补充的property：

<property>
    <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
    <value>file:/usr/local/hadoop/tmp/dfs/name</value>
</property>
<property>
    <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
    <value>file:/usr/local/hadoop/tmp/dfs/data</value>
</property>

为什么要补充property？
伪分布式虽然只需要配置 fs.defaultFS 和 dfs.replication 就可以运行(官方教程)，不过若没有配置 hadoop.tmp.dir 参数，则默认使用的临时目录为 /tmp/hadoo-hadoop，而这个目录在重启时有可能被系统清理掉，导致必须重新执行 format 才行，故进行了设置，同时也指定 dfs.namenode.name.dir 和 dfs.datanode.data.dir，否则在接下来的步骤中可能会出错.

2. SSH无密码登录

• 检查是否已经是无密码登录：ssh localhost(需要输入密码说明不是)
• 如果不是，执行以下命令

ssh-keygen -t rsa -P '' -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

3. NameNode格式化：bin/hdfs namenode -format

启动：sbin/start-dfs.sh
The hadoop daemon log output is written to the $HADOOP_LOG_DIR directory (defaults to $HADOOP_HOME/logs).
Browse the web interface for the NameNode; by default it is available at:
NameNode - http://localhost:9870/
实例：

4. yarn配置

• etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
        <value>yarn</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>mapreduce.application.classpath</name>
        <value>$HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME/share/hadoop/mapreduce/*:$HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/*</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

• etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
        <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.nodemanager.env-whitelist</name>
       <value>JAVA_HOME,HADOOP_COMMON_HOME,HADOOP_HDFS_HOME,HADOOP_CONF_DIR,CLASSPATH_PREPEND_DISTCACHE,HADOOP_YARN_HOME,HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

沉痛经验：本人配置yarn时，上述两个文件均缺失第二个property，导致WordCount(mapreduce)时出现问题，即
Error: Could not find or load main class org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.v2.app.MRAppMaster

• 启动：start-yarn.sh

Browse the web interface for the ResourceManager; by default it is available at:
ResourceManager - http://localhost:8088/

• 停止：stop-yarn.sh

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附：
Hadoop-Mapreduce
Hadoop-Hdfs