1. Quartz 介绍
Quartz is a richly featured, open source job scheduling library that can be integrated within virtually any Java application - from the smallest stand-alone application to the largest e-commerce system. Quartz can be used to create simple or complex schedules for executing tens, hundreds, or even tens-of-thousands of jobs; jobs whose tasks are defined as standard Java components that may execute virtually anything you may program them to do. The Quartz Scheduler includes many enterprise-class features, such as support for JTA transactions and clustering.
2. Quart 实例
<dependency>
<groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
<artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
<version>2.3.0</version>
</dependency>
package cn.edu.neu.quartz;
import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* @author 32098
*/
public class QuartzJob implements Job {
/**
*
* @param jobExecutionContext job 执行上下文对象
* @throws JobExecutionException ""
*/
public void execute(JobExecutionContext jobExecutionContext) throws JobExecutionException {
// 编写业务逻辑
System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));
}
}
package cn.edu.neu.quartz;
import org.quartz.*;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
/**
* @author 32098
*/
public class QuartzScheduler {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException, InterruptedException {
// 1. Create Scheduler
SchedulerFactory schedulerFactory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
Scheduler scheduler = schedulerFactory.getScheduler();
// 2. Create JobDetail: Bind Job
/*
* Why?
* JobDetail定义的是任务数据(任务名等),而真正的执行逻辑是存在于Job;
* 由于任务是有可能并发执行,如果 Scheduler 直接使用Job,就会存在对同一个Job实例并发访问的问题;
* 采用 JobDetail & Job 的方式,Scheduler 的每次执行,都会根据 JobDetail 创建一个新的 Job 实例以避免并发访问的问题;
*/
JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(QuartzJob.class)
.withIdentity("time_print_job", "default_job_group")
.build();
// 3. Create Trigger
/*
* Trigger 是 Quartz 的触发器,会去通知 Scheduler 何时去执行对应的 Job
*/
Trigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
.withIdentity("time_print_trigger", "default_trigger_group")
.startNow()
.withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule().withIntervalInSeconds(5).repeatForever())
.build();
// 4. 启动scheduler
scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, trigger);
scheduler.start();
}
}
3. Quartz 核心
3.1 Job & JobDetail & JobDataMap(JobDetail)
- Job 接口
package org.quartz;
public interface Job {
void execute(JobExecutionContext var1) throws JobExecutionException;
}
Job 接口只有一个 execute 方法。
- Job 实现类
我们通过实现 Job 接口来定义实现特定业务逻辑的 Job 类,如下是一个打印时间的 Job:
package cn.edu.neu.quartz;
import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* @author 32098
*/
public class QuartzJob implements Job {
/**
*
* @param jobExecutionContext job 执行上下文对象
* @throws JobExecutionException ""
*/
public void execute(JobExecutionContext jobExecutionContext) throws JobExecutionException {
// 编写业务逻辑
System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));
}
}
在 Job 实现类中,不应该定义有状态的数据属性,因为在 job 的多次执行中,这些属性的值不会保留,需要使用 JobDataMap跟踪 job 的状态
- JobDetail (接口) 与 JobDetail 的 JobDataMap
- JobDetail 由 JobBuilder 创建,包含 Job 实例的诸多属性
- JobDataMap 是 JobDetail 的一部分
- JobDataMap 中可以包含不限量的(序列化的)数据对象,在 Job 实例执行的时候,可以使用其中的数据
package cn.edu.neu.quartz;
import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* @author 32098
*/
public class QuartzJob implements Job {
String timePrinterName;
public void setTimePrinterName(String timePrinterName){
this.timePrinterName = timePrinterName;
}
/**
*
* @param jobExecutionContext job 执行上下文对象
* @throws JobExecutionException ""
*/
public void execute(JobExecutionContext jobExecutionContext) throws JobExecutionException {
// 编写业务逻辑
System.out.println(timePrinterName+"\t"+new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));
// if no timePrinterName and set method of timePrinterName, we need get printerName by
// String printerName = jobExecutionContext.getJobDetail().getJobDataMap().getString("timePrinterName");
// System.out.println(printerName+"\t"+new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));
}
}
package cn.edu.neu.quartz;
import org.quartz.*;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
/**
* @author 32098
*/
public class QuartzScheduler {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException, InterruptedException {
// 1. Create Scheduler
SchedulerFactory schedulerFactory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
Scheduler scheduler = schedulerFactory.getScheduler();
// 2. Create JobDetail: Bind Job
JobDetail jobDetail1 = JobBuilder.newJob(QuartzJob.class)
.withIdentity("time_print_job_1", "default_job_group")
.usingJobData("timePrinterName", "time_printer_1")
.build();
JobDetail jobDetail2 = JobBuilder.newJob(QuartzJob.class)
.withIdentity("time_print_job_2", "default_job_group")
.usingJobData("timePrinterName", "time_printer_2")
.build();
// 3. Create Trigger
Trigger trigger1 = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
.withIdentity("time_print_trigger1", "default_trigger_group")
.startNow()
.withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule().withIntervalInSeconds(5).repeatForever())
.build();
Trigger trigger2 = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
.withIdentity("time_print_trigger2", "default_trigger_group")
.startNow()
.withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule().withIntervalInSeconds(10).repeatForever())
.build();
// 4. 启动scheduler
scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail1, trigger1);
scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail2, trigger2);
scheduler.start();
}
}
3.2 Trigger
3.2.1 SimpleTrigger
- SimpleTrigger 满足的调度需求:
- 在具体的时间点执行一次,或者在具体的时间点执行,并且以指定的间隔重复执行若干次
- SimpleTrigger 的重要设置项
- 开始时间
- 结束时间
- 重复次数
- 重复间隔
- SimpleScheduleBuilder
使用见上例
3.2.2 CronTrigger
- CronTrigger 与 Simple Trigger 不同,其调度是基于日历的而不是按照SimpleTrigger的精确指定间隔进行作业调度
- 但是,CronTrigger 和 SimpleTrigger 都有一个 startTime(指定何时生效),以及一个可选的 endTime(指定何时停止计划)
- Cron Expressions 表达式
- Cron Expressions是由七个子表达式组成的字符串,用于描述日程表的各个细节(子表达式用空格分隔)
- Cron Expressions 的七个子表达式:
- Seconds:0-59
- Minutes:0-59
- Hours:0-23
- Day-of-Month:日期可以是1-31的任何值,但需注意给定月份的天数
- Month:月份可以指定为0到11之间的值,或者使用字符串JAN,FEB,MAR,APR,MAY,JUN,JUL,AUG,SEP,OCT,NOV和DEC
- Day-of-Week:星期几可以指定为1到7(1 =星期日)之间的值,或者使用字符串SUN,MON,TUE,WED,THU,FRI和SAT
- Year:optional field
- 其它
*
:对应字段的所有可能值,如周(Day-of-Week)/
:用于指定值的增量,0/15 (分钟)——每隔15分钟,从零开始L
、W
、#
等
- 一些调度要求太复杂,无法用单一触发表示时,可以创建两个或多个触发器,并注册它们来运行相同的作业
- CronScheduleBuilder
4. TriggerListeners & JobListeners & SchedulerListener
- Listeners 是我们创建的对象,用于根据调度程序中发生的事件执行恰当的操作
- TriggerListeners 接收到与 trigger 相关的事件(触发器触发、触发器失灵、触发器完成),JobListeners 接收与 job 相关的事件(job即将执行的通知、job完成执行时的通知),SchedulerListeners 接受与计划程序相关的事件(添加job/触发器、删除job/触发器、调度程序中的严重错误、关闭调度程序的通知等)
- Listeners 注册到调度程序的 ListenerManager