使用Java调用ElasticSearchAPI快速入门教程

环境准备

创建一个新的maven项目
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添加依赖:

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.elasticsearch</groupId>
        <artifactId>elasticsearch</artifactId>
        <version>7.8.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- elasticsearch 的客户端 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId>
        <artifactId>elasticsearch-rest-high-level-client</artifactId>
        <version>7.8.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- elasticsearch 依赖 2.x 的 log4j -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.8.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
        <version>2.8.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
        <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
        <version>2.9.9</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- junit 单元测试 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.12</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

1.基本CRUD

1.1 连接测试

public class ESTest_Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //创建ES客户端
        RestHighLevelClient restHighLevelClient = new RestHighLevelClient(
                         RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost",9200,"http"))
        );
        //关闭ES客户端
        restHighLevelClient.close();
    }
}

1.2 创建索引

import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.create.CreateIndexRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.create.CreateIndexResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RequestOptions;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClient;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestHighLevelClient;

import java.io.IOException;

public class CreateIndex {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        // 创建客户端对象
        RestHighLevelClient client = new RestHighLevelClient(
                RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost", 9200, "http")));

        // 创建索引 - 请求对象
        CreateIndexRequest request = new CreateIndexRequest("user2");
        // 发送请求,获取响应
        CreateIndexResponse response = client.indices().create(request,
                RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        boolean acknowledged = response.isAcknowledged();
        // 响应状态
        System.out.println("操作状态 = " + acknowledged);

        // 关闭客户端连接
        client.close();
    }

}

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1.3 索引查询

import org.apache.http.HttpHost;

import org.elasticsearch.client.RequestOptions;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClient;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestHighLevelClient;
import org.elasticsearch.client.indices.GetIndexRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.client.indices.GetIndexResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

public class SearchIndex {
      //创建ES客户端
        RestHighLevelClient restHighLevelClient = new RestHighLevelClient(
                RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost",9200,"http"))
        );
        // 查询索引 - 请求对象
          GetIndexRequest request = new GetIndexRequest("user");
        // 发送请求,获取响应
        GetIndexResponse response = restHighLevelClient.indices().get(request,
                RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        //响应状态
        System.out.println("aliases:"+response.getAliases());
        System.out.println("mappings:"+response.getMappings());
        System.out.println("settings:"+response.getSettings());

        restHighLevelClient.close();
    }
}

1.4 索引删除

import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.delete.DeleteIndexRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.support.master.AcknowledgedResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RequestOptions;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClient;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestHighLevelClient;

import java.io.IOException;

public class DeleteIndex {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        RestHighLevelClient client = new RestHighLevelClient(
                RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost", 9200, "http")));
        // 删除索引 - 请求对象
        DeleteIndexRequest request = new DeleteIndexRequest("user");
        // 发送请求,获取响应
        AcknowledgedResponse response = client.indices().delete(request,RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 操作结果
        System.out.println("操作结果 : " + response.isAcknowledged());
        client.close();
    }
}

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1.5 索引添加文档数据

实体类
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public class User {
    private String name;
    private String sex;
    private Integer age;

文档新增代码

public class ESTest_Client {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //创建ES客户端
        RestHighLevelClient restHighLevelClient = new RestHighLevelClient(
                RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost",9200,"http"))
        );
         //插入数据
        IndexRequest request = new IndexRequest();
        request.index("user").id("1001");
        User user = new User();
        user.setName("zhangasn");
        user.setAge(12);
        user.setSex("女");
        //        向es插入数据需要转换为json
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        String userjson = mapper.writeValueAsString(user);
        request.source(userjson, XContentType.JSON);
          IndexResponse index = restHighLevelClient.index(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(index.getResult());
        restHighLevelClient.close();

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1.6 修改文档数据

 //创建ES客户端
 public class ESTest_Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        RestHighLevelClient restHighLevelClient = new RestHighLevelClient(
                RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost",9200,"http"))
        );
        //修改数据
        UpdateRequest request = new UpdateRequest();
         request.index("user").id("1001");
//        doc代表文档数据
        request.doc(XContentType.JSON,"sex","男");

        UpdateResponse update = restHighLevelClient.update(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
                restHighLevelClient.close();
                }
}

2.文档操作

2.1 查询指定文档数据

public class ESTest_Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //创建ES客户端
        RestHighLevelClient restHighLevelClient = new RestHighLevelClient(
                        RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost",9200,"http"))
        );
        //        查询数据
        GetRequest request = new GetRequest();
        request.index("user").id("1001");
        GetResponse documentFields = restHighLevelClient.get(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(documentFields.getSourceAsString());
        restHighLevelClient.close();
    }
}

2.2 删除指定文档

public class ESTest_Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //创建ES客户端
                //创建ES客户端
        RestHighLevelClient restHighLevelClient = new RestHighLevelClient(
                RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost",9200,"http"))
        );
        DeleteRequest request = new DeleteRequest();
//        指定删除对象
        request.index("user").id("1001");
        DeleteResponse response = restHighLevelClient.delete(request,RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(response.toString());
        restHighLevelClient.close();
    }
}

2.3 批量新增文档数据

全部封装到一个request中去

      //创建ES客户端
        RestHighLevelClient restHighLevelClient = new RestHighLevelClient(
                RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost",9200,"http"))
        );
//        批量新增数据
        BulkRequest request  = new BulkRequest();
        request.add( new IndexRequest().index("user").id("1001").source(XContentType.JSON,"name","zhangsan"));
        request.add( new IndexRequest().index("user").id("1002").source(XContentType.JSON,"name","lisi"));
        request.add( new IndexRequest().index("user").id("1003").source(XContentType.JSON,"name","wangwu"));
      BulkResponse bulk = restHighLevelClient.bulk(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(bulk.getTook());
        System.out.println(bulk.getItems());
        restHighLevelClient.close();

2.4 批量删除文档数据

        //创建ES客户端
        RestHighLevelClient restHighLevelClient = new RestHighLevelClient(
                RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost",9200,"http"))
        );
           //创建批量删除请求对象
            BulkRequest request = new BulkRequest();
            request.add(new DeleteRequest().index("user").id("1001"));
            request.add(new DeleteRequest().index("user").id("1002"));
            request.add(new DeleteRequest().index("user").id("1003"));
            //客户端发送请求,获取响应对象
            BulkResponse responses = client.bulk(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
            //打印结果信息
            System.out.println("took:" + responses.getTook());
            System.out.println("items:" + responses.getItems());
        restHighLevelClient.close();

3 文档的高级查询

3.1 查询所有索引数据-全量查询

先批量新增几条测试数据进去

        //创建ES客户端
        RestHighLevelClient restHighLevelClient = new RestHighLevelClient(
                RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost",9200,"http"))
        );
   //创建批量新增请求对象
            BulkRequest request = new BulkRequest();
            request.add(new IndexRequest().index("user").id("1001").source(XContentType.JSON, "name", "zhangsan", "age", "10", "sex","女"));
            request.add(new IndexRequest().index("user").id("1002").source(XContentType.JSON, "name", "lisi", "age", "30", "sex","女"));
            request.add(new IndexRequest().index("user").id("1003").source(XContentType.JSON, "name", "wangwu1", "age", "40", "sex","男"));
            request.add(new IndexRequest().index("user").id("1004").source(XContentType.JSON, "name", "wangwu2", "age", "20", "sex","女"));
            request.add(new IndexRequest().index("user").id("1005").source(XContentType.JSON, "name", "wangwu3", "age", "50", "sex","男"));
            request.add(new IndexRequest().index("user").id("1006").source(XContentType.JSON, "name", "wangwu4", "age", "20", "sex","男"));
            //客户端发送请求,获取响应对象
            BulkResponse responses = client.bulk(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
            //打印结果信息
            System.out.println("took:" + responses.getTook());
            System.out.println("items:" + responses.getItems());
restHighLevelClient.close();

查询所有索引数据

        //创建ES客户端
        RestHighLevelClient restHighLevelClient = new RestHighLevelClient(
                RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost",9200,"http"))
        );
  // 创建搜索请求对象
            SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
            request.indices("user");
            // 构建查询的请求体
            SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
            // 查询所有数据
            sourceBuilder.query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery());
            request.source(sourceBuilder);
            SearchResponse response = client.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
            // 查询匹配
            SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
            System.out.println("took:" + response.getTook());
            System.out.println("timeout:" + response.isTimedOut());
            System.out.println("total:" + hits.getTotalHits());
            System.out.println("MaxScore:" + hits.getMaxScore());
            System.out.println("hits========>>");
            for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
            //输出每条查询的结果信息
                System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
            }
            System.out.println("<<========");
            
        restHighLevelClient.close();

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3.2 条件查询-取出年龄三十的数据


```javascript
 // 创建搜索请求对象
        SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
        request.indices("user");
        // 构建查询的请求体
        SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
        sourceBuilder.query(QueryBuilders.termQuery("age", "30"));
        request.source(sourceBuilder);
        SearchResponse response = client.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 查询匹配
        SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
        System.out.println("took:" + response.getTook());
        System.out.println("timeout:" + response.isTimedOut());
        System.out.println("total:" + hits.getTotalHits());
        System.out.println("MaxScore:" + hits.getMaxScore());
        System.out.println("hits========>>");
        for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
            //输出每条查询的结果信息
            System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
        }
        System.out.println("<<========");

如果要改变查询条件只需要改变 sourceBuilder.query(QueryBuilders.xxxx());这个方法即可。
例如查询全部数据 sourceBuilder.query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery());

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3.3 分页查询数据

   // 创建搜索请求对象
        SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
        request.indices("user");
        // 构建查询的请求体
        SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
        sourceBuilder.query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery());
        // 分页查询
        // 当前页其实索引(第一条数据的顺序号), from
        sourceBuilder.from(0);

        // 每页显示多少条 size
        sourceBuilder.size(2);
        request.source(sourceBuilder);
        SearchResponse response = client.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 查询匹配
        SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
        System.out.println("took:" + response.getTook());
        System.out.println("timeout:" + response.isTimedOut());
        System.out.println("total:" + hits.getTotalHits());
        System.out.println("MaxScore:" + hits.getMaxScore());
        System.out.println("hits========>>");
        for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
            //输出每条查询的结果信息
            System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
        }
        System.out.println("<<========");

查询结果
在这里插入图片描述

3.4 查询结果排序

 // 创建搜索请求对象
        SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
        request.indices("user");

        // 构建查询的请求体
        SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
        sourceBuilder.query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery());
        // 排序
        sourceBuilder.sort("age", SortOrder.ASC);
        request.source(sourceBuilder);
        SearchResponse response = client.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 查询匹配
        SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
        System.out.println("took:" + response.getTook());
        System.out.println("timeout:" + response.isTimedOut());
        System.out.println("total:" + hits.getTotalHits());
        System.out.println("MaxScore:" + hits.getMaxScore());
        System.out.println("hits========>>");
        for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
        //输出每条查询的结果信息
            System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
        }
        System.out.println("<<========");

通过修改 sourceBuilder.sort(“age”, SortOrder.DESC);来修改排序是否升序倒序。

3.5 文档组合查询 and or

 // 创建搜索请求对象
        SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
        request.indices("user");
        // 构建查询的请求体
        SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
        BoolQueryBuilder boolQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.boolQuery();
   // 必须包含 and
        boolQueryBuilder.must(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("age", "30"));
        // 一定不含 not and
        boolQueryBuilder.mustNot(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("name", "zhangsan"));
     // 可能包含 or
        boolQueryBuilder.should(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("sex", "男"));
        sourceBuilder.query(boolQueryBuilder);
        request.source(sourceBuilder);
        SearchResponse response = client.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 查询匹配
        SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
        System.out.println("took:" + response.getTook());
        System.out.println("timeout:" + response.isTimedOut());
        System.out.println("total:" + hits.getTotalHits());
        System.out.println("MaxScore:" + hits.getMaxScore());
        System.out.println("hits========>>");
        for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
            //输出每条查询的结果信息
            System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
        }
        System.out.println("<<========");

3.6 范围查询 > <

      // 创建搜索请求对象
        SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
        request.indices("user");
        // 构建查询的请求体
        SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
        RangeQueryBuilder rangeQuery = QueryBuilders.rangeQuery("age");
        // 大于等于
        //rangeQuery.gte("30");
        // 小于等于
        rangeQuery.lte("40");
        sourceBuilder.query(rangeQuery);
        request.source(sourceBuilder);
        SearchResponse response = client.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 查询匹配
        SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
        System.out.println("took:" + response.getTook());
        System.out.println("timeout:" + response.isTimedOut());
        System.out.println("total:" + hits.getTotalHits());
        System.out.println("MaxScore:" + hits.getMaxScore());
        System.out.println("hits========>>");
        for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
        //输出每条查询的结果信息
            System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
        }
        System.out.println("<<========");

在这里插入图片描述

3.7 模糊查询

// 创建搜索请求对象
        SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
        request.indices("user");
        // 构建查询的请求体
        SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
        
//Fuzziness.ONE表示匹配一个字符成功,two就是差两个字符的意思        sourceBuilder.query(QueryBuilders.fuzzyQuery("name","wangwu").fuzziness(Fuzziness.ONE));
        request.source(sourceBuilder);
        SearchResponse response = client.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 查询匹配
        SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
        System.out.println("took:" + response.getTook());
        System.out.println("timeout:" + response.isTimedOut());
        System.out.println("total:" + hits.getTotalHits());
        System.out.println("MaxScore:" + hits.getMaxScore());
        System.out.println("hits========>>");
        for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
            //输出每条查询的结果信息
            System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
        }
        System.out.println("<<========");

3.8 高亮查询

  // 高亮查询
        SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest().indices("user");
        //2.创建查询请求体构建器
        SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
        //构建查询方式:高亮查询
        TermsQueryBuilder termsQueryBuilder =
                QueryBuilders.termsQuery("name","zhangsan");
        //设置查询方式
        sourceBuilder.query(termsQueryBuilder);
        //构建高亮字段
        HighlightBuilder highlightBuilder = new HighlightBuilder();
        highlightBuilder.preTags("<font color='red'>");//设置标签前缀
        highlightBuilder.postTags("</font>");//设置标签后缀
        highlightBuilder.field("name");//设置高亮字段
        //设置高亮构建对象
        sourceBuilder.highlighter(highlightBuilder);
        //设置请求体
        request.source(sourceBuilder);
        //3.客户端发送请求,获取响应对象
        SearchResponse response = client.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        //4.打印响应结果
        SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
        System.out.println("took::"+response.getTook());
        System.out.println("time_out::"+response.isTimedOut());
        System.out.println("total::"+hits.getTotalHits());
        System.out.println("max_score::"+hits.getMaxScore());
        System.out.println("hits::::>>");
        for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
            String sourceAsString = hit.getSourceAsString();
            System.out.println(sourceAsString);
            //打印高亮结果
            Map<String, HighlightField> highlightFields = hit.getHighlightFields();
            System.out.println(highlightFields);
        }
        System.out.println("<<::::");

4.聚合运算

4.1 最大值查询

   // 高亮查询
        SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest().indices("user");
        SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
        sourceBuilder.aggregation(AggregationBuilders.max("maxAge").field("age"));
        //设置请求体
        request.source(sourceBuilder);
        //3.客户端发送请求,获取响应对象
        SearchResponse response = client.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        //4.打印响应结果
        SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
        System.out.println(response);

4.2 分组查询

  SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest().indices("user");
        SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
        sourceBuilder.aggregation(AggregationBuilders.terms("age_groupby").field("age"));
        //设置请求体
        request.source(sourceBuilder);
        //3.客户端发送请求,获取响应对象
        SearchResponse response = client.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        //4.打印响应结果
        SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
        System.out.println(response);
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