Django小记 路由(urls.py)

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path 和 re_path 语法

• path or re_path 语法

path(route, view, kwargs=None, name=None)
re_path(route, view, kwargs=None, name=None)

• route：路径。端口以后的地址
• view：route 匹配成功后调用的视图（函数，或者 class_.as_view()转换为的函数）
• kwargs：额外的参数
• name：别名。该url的别名

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三种路由形式

1.精确字符串形式

from django.urls import path
from app01 import views as s_views
urlpatterns = [
	path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
	path('login/', s_views.LoginView.as_view())
	]

---

app01 / views.py

from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.views import View

class LoginView(View):
	def get(self, request):
		# ...
		return ..
	
	def post(self, request):
		# ...
		return ...

def score(request, score_id):
	# do something
	return HttpResponse(..)

def about(request, page, detail):
	# do something
	return HttpResponse(..)

def articles(request, year, month):
	# do something
	return HttpResponse(..)

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2.路径转换器格式

from django.urls import path
from app01 import views as s_views
urlpatterns = [
	path('score/<str:score_id>', s_views.score, name=score),
	path('about/<int:page>/<str:detail>/', s_views.about)
	]

• 格式转换类型

类型	说明
str	匹配/除外的非空字符； 默认<year>等价于<str:year>
int	匹配0和正整数
slug	匹配字母、数字、横杠、下划线
uuid	匹配格式化的UUID
path	匹配任何非空字符串（包括路径分隔符）

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3.正则表达式形式

(?P<name>re_pattern)

• name：变量名
• re_pattern：正则匹配模板

from django.urls import re_path
from app01 import views as s_views
urlpatterns = [
	re_path('score/(?P<score_id>[a-zA-Z]{1,8})', s_views.score, name=score),
	re_path('articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{1,2})/', s_views.articles)
	]

---

include包含路由

from django.urls import path, include
from app01 import views as s_views
urlpatterns = [
	path('score/<str:score_id>', s_views.score, name=score),
	path('about/<int:page>/<str:detail>/', s_views.about),
	path('app02/', include('app02.urls'))
	]

app02/urls.py

• 用 app_name = '***' 来设置命名空间，避免和其他应用的同名 url 混淆

from django.urls import path,re_path
from . import views

# 设置命名空间
app_name = 'app02'

urlpatterns = [
	path(...),
	path(...)
]