JAVA学习基础

JAVA学习笔记（6）

一、类与对象
1.类和对象的概念

设计：name,age,high,weight…
class People{ }
类
class People{
//1.属性：字段，成员变量，实例变量
String name;
int age;
//2.行为：函数，成员方法，实例方法
void eat(){}
}
eg:

class Airplane{
    String color;
    int weight;
    String address;
    void fly(){
        
    }
    void down(){
        
    }
}

实例化阶段:
People p = new People();
对象大小：对象头（8个字节）+成员变量+内存填充
（对象大小总体是8的倍数）
class People{ }
People p = new People();

class People{
int age;
int id;
    void eat(){}
}            

垃圾回收器->垃圾回收机制
“垃圾”：标记-清扫 引用计数int count
如果当前这个对象没有引用变量所引用的话即就是引用变量count = 0;

2.成员变量的初始化方式
People p = new People(); //"()"：初始化
成员变量访问
eg：

public class TestDemo3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        People p1 = new People("lisi");
        //new:
        // 1.堆上开内存
        //2.调用构造方法初始化实例变量
        //成员变量的访问，成员访问
        p1.eat();
        System.out.println(p1.name);
        People p2 = new People("zs");
        p2.eat();
        System.out.println(p2.name);
    }
}

public class People {
    public   String name;
    private int age;
    //构造方法：
    People(String name){//如果自己写构造，JVM不再提供默认无参构造
        this.name = name;//就近原则
        age = 10;
    }
    public String getName(){
        return name;
    }
    public void eat(){//eat(p1)  this
        System.out.println(this.name+"吃饭");
    }
}

3.this关键字:如果存在命名冲突，一定加上this.;
4.访问限定符：public 公有 private 私有 默认：包访问权限：同包路径可以访问

eg:
图书：
属性：书名 出版社 价格
行为：isRead(){} isBorrowed()
创建两本书；
查看当前书籍信息，有没有被借走
book1.isBorrowed();/借书成功/
book1.isBorrowed();/借书失败/

public class Book {
    private String name;
    private int price;
    private String publish;
    private String author;
    private boolean read = false;

    public Book(String name, int price, String publish, String author) {
        this.name = name;
        this.price = price;
        this.publish = publish;
        this.author = author;
    }

    public boolean isRead(){
        return this.read;
    }
    public void read(){
        this.read = true;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
}

public class TestDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Book book = new Book("水浒传",100,"北京出版社","施耐庵");
        book.read();
        boolean flag = book.isRead();
        System.out.println(flag);
    }
}