liunx下的oracle安装详细过程
系统centos 7
oracle:oracle 12c 12.2.0
亲测suse也可以根据此攻略安装
1.准备工作
1.下载oracle安装包 官网下载 https://www.oracle.com/cn/database/technologies/oracle-database-software-downloads.html#19c
2.百度网盘链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1JPNsZUQnVcbtK3_p-xA09w 提取码:s493
本版本采用oracle12.2.0
1.创建运行oracle数据库的系统用户和用户组
登录root账户
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd oinstall #创建用户组oinstall>
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd dba #同上
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba -m oracle#创建oracle用户并加入oinstall和dba中
[root@localhost ~]# passwd oracle #给oracle用户设置密码
NewChanging password for user oracle.
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. #看到这个代表设置成功
[root@localhost ~]# id oracle #查看oracle用户
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(oinstall) groups=1001(oinstall),1002(dba)
关于为什么创建oinstall和dba参考:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/cn/articles/hunter-rac11gr2-iscsi-2-092412-zhs.html#13
2.创建oracle数据库安装目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/oracle #oracle数据库安装目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/oraInventory #oracle数据库配置文件目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/database #oracle数据库软件包解压目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1 #oracle的安装存放地址>
[root@localhost ~]# cd /data #检查一下文件夹
[root@localhost data]# ls
database oracle oraInventory
[root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle #设置目录所有者为oinstall
[root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oraInventory
[root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database
3.修改OS系统标识
oracle 默认不支持centos安装,所以需要修改系统标识
[root@localhost data]# vim /etc/redhat-release #进入文件后把里面的内容改为redhat-7
[root@localhost data]# cat /etc/redhat-release
redhat-7
suse不用改
4.安装oracle数据库所需的软件包
#用以下命令检查依赖包,is not为缺失
rpm -qv binutils \compat-libstdc+±33 \elfutils-libelf \elfutils-libelf-devel \gcc \gcc-c++ \glibc \glibc-common \glibc-devel \glibc-headers \kernel-headers \libaio \libaio-devel \libgcc \libgomp \libstdc++ \libstdc+±devel \make \numactl-devel \sysstat \unixODBC \unixODBC-devel \compat-libcap1 \pdksh \xclock\
#缺失的安装包用 yum install 安装 如下所示:
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install compat-libstdc++-33 <font color=red>这是安装compat-libstdc++-33</font>
#如果出现complete则说明安装成功
#pdksh无法通过yum安装只能通过手动安装
pdksh安装包链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1yxuxRw9pw7CUqJOlYWJ4Yg 提取码:7oh2
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-30.x86_64.rpm #传输到root目录下后输入命令即可正常安装,如果报错冲突(执行命令后查询依赖发现pdksh还是is not installed)则用下面的命令强制安装
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-30.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps #强制安装pdksh
#Xclock是图形化安装需要的包,如果是静默安装则不需要此包,如果执行yum以后还是显示is not ,在控制台输入xclock,如果显示出时钟即可无视,如果不显示时钟则是虚拟机没有安装gui,安装xfce图形界面以解决,也可以选择无视这个包
5.关闭防火墙以及selinux
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status firewalld service #查看防火墙状态
?.firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Mon 2020-05-04 12:59:33 EDT; 2h 39min left #active(running)代表防火墙启动中
Docs: man:firewalld(1)
Main PID: 6472 (firewalld)
Tasks: 2
CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
?..6472 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid
May 04 12:59:28 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firew…
May 04 12:59:33 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewa…
Unit service.service could not be found.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service #关闭防火墙
#再次查看防火墙状态
Active: inactive (dead) since Mon 2020-05-04 10:21:55 EDT; 52s ago #active变为dead,说明防火墙已经关闭
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止使用防火墙,个人虚拟机,不需要防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config #编辑文件
This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead