springMVC中的上传、下载、验证码

1. 上传（非重点）

1.1 导入jar

<dependency>
    <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
    <version>2.4</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
    <version>1.3.3</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

1.2 表单

<!-- enctype="multipart/form-data" 上传文件需要设置 -->
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/upload/test1" method="post" 
      enctype="multipart/form-data">
  file: <input type="file" name="source"/> <br>
  <input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>

1.3 上传解析器

<!-- 上传解析器 
	     id必须是：“multipartResolver”
 -->
<bean id="multipartResolver" 
      class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
    <!-- 最大可上传的文件大小   byte 超出后会抛出MaxUploadSizeExceededException异常，可以异常解析器捕获 -->
    <property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760"></property>
</bean>

1.4 Handler

@RequestMapping("/test1")
public String hello1(String username,MultipartFile source,HttpSession session) {
    //文件的原始名称
    String filename = source.getOriginalFilename();
    //定制全局唯一的命名
    String unique = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
    //获得文件的后缀
    String ext = FilenameUtils.getExtension(filename);//abc.txt   txt    hello.html  html
    //定制全局唯一的文件名
    String uniqueFileName = unique+"."+ext;
    System.out.println("唯一的文件名:"+uniqueFileName);

    //文件的类型
    String type = source.getContentType();
    System.out.println("filename:"+filename+" type:"+type);

    //获得 upload_file的磁盘路径 ==> 在webapp目录下创建一个目录"upload_file",且此目录初始不要为空，否则编译时被忽略  /upload_file 虚拟路径，相对于项目的路径，实际的磁盘路径
    String real_path = session.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload_file");
    System.out.println("real_path:"+real_path);

    //将上传的文件，存入磁盘路径中
    //source.transferTo(new File("d:/xxxx/xxxx/xx.jpg"))
    //source.transferTo(new File(real_path+"\\"+uniqueFileName));
    source.transferTo(new File(real_path + File.separator + uniqueFileName));
    return "index";
}

注意

如果上传文件超过限制，且出现以下界面的时候

<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
	 <!-- 最大可上传的文件大小   byte 超出后会抛出MaxUploadSizeExceededException异常，可以异常解析器捕获 -->
	<property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760"></property>
</bean>

解决：不通过配置限制大小，通过过滤器

<bean id="multipartResolver"  class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
	<!-- 最大可上传的文件大小   byte 超出后会抛出MaxUploadSizeExceededException异常，可以异常解析器捕获 -->
	<property name="maxUploadSize" value="104857600000"></property>
</bean>

过滤器：

public class UploadInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor{
    private long fileSize;

    public long getFileSize() {
        return fileSize;
    }

    public void setFileSize(long fileSize) {
        this.fileSize = fileSize;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        //校验文件大小
        ServletRequestContext ctx = new ServletRequestContext(request);
        long realFileSize = ctx.contentLength();//文件大小
        if(fileSize>=realFileSize){
            return true;
        }
        //中断前，响应错误页面
        response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/error.jsp");
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {

    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {

    }
}

spring-mvc中添加以下配置：

<mvc:interceptors>
	<mvc:interceptor>
	<mvc:mapping path="/upload/**"/>
		<bean class="com.qf.interceptor.UploadInterceptor">
			<property name="fileSize" value="10485760"/>
		</bean>
	</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>

2. 下载（非重点）

2.1 超链

<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/download/test1?name=Koala.jpg">下载</a>

2.2 Handler

@RequestMapping("/test1")
public void hello1(String name,HttpSession session,HttpServletResponse response){
    System.out.println("name:"+name);
    //获得要下载文件的绝对路径
    String path = session.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload_file");
    //文件的完整路径
    String real_path = path+File.separator+name;

    //设置响应头  告知浏览器，要以附件的形式保存内容   filename=浏览器显示的下载文件名
    response.setHeader("content-disposition","attachment;filename="+name);

    //读取目标文件，写出给客户端
    IOUtils.copy(new FileInputStream(real_path), response.getOutputStream());

    //上一步，已经是响应了,所以此handler直接是void
}

3. 验证码（非重点）

屏障，防止暴力破解

3.1 导入jar

<!-- Kaptcha -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.github.penggle</groupId>
    <artifactId>kaptcha</artifactId>
    <version>2.3.2</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

3.2 声明验证码组件

web.xml中配置

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>cap</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.google.code.kaptcha.servlet.KaptchaServlet</servlet-class>
    <!--边框-->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>kaptcha.border</param-name>
      <param-value>no</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!--位数-->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.char.length</param-name>
      <param-value>4</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!--字符池-->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.char.string</param-name>
      <param-value>abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!--底色-->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>kaptcha.background.clear.to</param-name>
      <param-value>211,229,237</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!--放入session中的值  session.setAttribute("xxx","验证码")-->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>kaptcha.session.key</param-name>
      <param-value>captcha</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>cap</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/captcha</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

使用

String captcha = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("captcha");

3.3 Page

<img src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/captcha" style="width:85px" id="cap"/>
<script>
    $(function(){
        $("#cap").click(function(){
            //刷新验证码
            path = $(this).attr("src")+"?"+new Date().getTime();
            $(this).attr("src",path);
        });
    });
</script>

<img src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/captcha" id="cap" onclick="changed(this)">
<script>
	function changed(a) {
		a.src = "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/captcha?"+new Date().getTime();
    }
</script>