Redhat安装配置ftp

安装ftp

yum -y install vsftpd 

管理vsftpd相关命令

启动vsftpd: service vsftpd start
停止vsftpd: service vsftpd stop
重启vsftpd: service vsftpd restart
开机启动:chkconfig vsftpd on

防火墙命令:
redhat7中使用了firewalld代替了原来的iptables

查看防火墙状态：systemctl status firewalld
启动防火墙：systemctl start firewalld
停止防火墙：systemctl stop firewalld

我们要关闭防火墙

FTP用户管理

创建FTP用户并指定分组和主目录

mkdir /home/ftp
useradd -d /home/ftp -s /sbin/nologin  ftp

解析：
useradd 添加用户ftp
-d 指定用户根目录为/home/ftp
-s 指定shell脚本为/sbin/nologin，表示不允许shell登录

设定密码

passwd ftp

设置访问权限

chown ftp /home/ftp

配置vsftpd

配置之前可以先看看这个文章:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33949836/article/details/82768969
1.默认的配置文件是/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf，你可以用文本编辑器打开。

vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode. The vsftpd.conf(5) man page explains
# the behaviour when these options are disabled.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
listen_ipv6=YES
#userlist_deny=YES
pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=no
tcp_wrappers=YES

其中:

chroot_local_user=YES    //开启本地用户访问  ----------对应100行

chroot_list_enable=YES //开启访问列表 ----------------对应101行

chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list    //对应自己所创的chroot_list文件 ------对应103行
userlist_enable=no                          //关闭user_list      ----对应126行

2.chroot_list配置

ftp
root
fyz

3.配置user_list

# vsftpd userlist
# If userlist_deny=NO, only allow users in this file
# If userlist_deny=YES (default), never allow users in this file, and
# do not even prompt for a password.
# Note that the default vsftpd pam config also checks /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers
# for users that are denied.
fyz
ftp
root
bin
daemon
adm
lp
sync
shutdown
halt
mail
news
uucp
operator
games
nobody

4.配置ftpusers

# Users that are not allowed to login via ftp
#root
bin
daemon
adm
lp
sync
shutdown
halt
mail
news
uucp
operator
games
nobody

6、重新启动vsftpd

service vsftpd restart

7.验证

到此结束…

踩的坑:

linux vsftpd 550 create directory operation failed解决方法

今天配置好了vsftp, 但登陆后，除了浏览，什么也干不了。（如新建文件/文件夹, 删除文件, 重命名等都不可操作) 都是弹出 “550 create directory operation failed” 的错误信息. 查看文件夹属性, 然后改了什么用户都可读写, 结果还是一样. 配置文件有问题? 应该不会啊, 以前一向都是这样配置的啊. 还是有点不相信自己, 拿了以前的 vsftpd.conf 配置文件过来. 问题依旧, 郁闷ing…

正解: 是SELinux(Security-Enhanced Linux----是美国国家安全局对于强制访问控制的实现, 是Linux 上最杰出的新安全子系统.)安装机制搞的鬼.

只要disable SELinux就可以了.(简单吧! 一个小问题搞得我废寝忘食)

PS: 关闭SELinux方法# vi /etc/selinux/config将 SELINUX=XXX -->XXX 代表级别改为SELINUX=disabled 重启就OK了!

上网查找原因，说是selinux的原因，服务器确实开着selinux的，更改selinux的配置文件将其设为disable，可我不想重启服务器，有以下解决办法：

执行命令：setenforce 0

就可以不重启关闭selinux了，不过关闭selinux而使zend optimizer生效毕竟不是完美的解决办法，只是水平有限哈，如果大家有更好的解决方案当然是更好的了。

参考文章:
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_27868757/article/details/80376450