多线程核心知识总结
四.线程生命周期
线程的六种状态
- New
已创建但还未启动的新线程
- Runnable
可运行的,调用start方法之后就会变成Runnable状态,无论是否运行,对应操作系统中的ready和running
- Blocked
当一个线程进入被sychornized修饰的代码块的时候,并且该锁已经被其他线程拿走了,这个时候的状态为Blocked
- Waiting
没有设置time参数的Object.wait()等方法执行后,(具体看图)。
- Timed Waiting
Thread.sleep(time),Object.wait(time),Thread.join(time)等,(具体看图)
- Terminated
执行完成后进入的状态。
New , Runnable , Treminated 的代码演示:
/**
* 描述: 展示线程的NEW、RUNNABLE、Terminated状态。即使是正在运行,也是Runnable状态,而不是Running。
*/
public class NewRunnableTerminated implements Runnable {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread thread = new Thread(new NewRunnableTerminated());
//打印出NEW的状态
System.out.println(thread.getState());
thread.start();
System.out.println(thread.getState());
try {
Thread.sleep(10);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//打印出RUNNABLE的状态,即使是正在运行,也是RUNNABLE,而不是RUNNING
System.out.println(thread.getState());
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//打印出TERMINATED状态
System.out.println(thread.getState());
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
System.out.println(i);
}
}
}
Blocked ,Waiting,TimedWaiting 的代码演示:
/**
* 描述: 展示Blocked, Waiting, TimedWaiting
*/
public class BlockedWaitingTimedWaiting implements Runnable{
public static void main(String[] args) {
BlockedWaitingTimedWaiting runnable = new BlockedWaitingTimedWaiting();
Thread thread1 = new Thread(runnable);
thread1.start();
Thread thread2 = new Thread(runnable);
thread2.start();
try {
Thread.sleep(5);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//打印出Timed_Waiting状态,因为正在执行Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(thread1.getState());
//打印出BLOCKED状态,因为thread2想拿得到sync()的锁却拿不到
System.out.println(thread2.getState());
try {
Thread.sleep(1300);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//打印出WAITING状态,因为执行了wait()
System.out.println(thread1.getState());
}
@Override
public void run() {
syn();
}
private synchronized void syn() {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
阻塞的定义
一般习惯而言,把Blocked(被阻塞),Waiting(等待),Timed_waiting(计时等待)都称为阻塞状态,不仅仅是Blocked
常见面试问题
线程有哪几种状态,线程的生命周期是什么?
直接按图理解: