ServletContext的作用与应用（获取网站登陆成功总人数）

最新推荐文章于 2021-03-13 02:59:01 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-03-13 02:59:01 发布

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分类专栏： Java学习文章标签： java servlet tomcat javaee

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45100706/article/details/106993300

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1、概述

servlet上下文对象，每一个web工程都有一个servletContext对象。不管在哪个servlet里面，获取到的这个类的对象都是同一个

获取对象：

ServletContext context=getServletContext();

2、作用与应用

（一）、获取全局配置参数

<!--全局参数：不管哪个servlet都可以得到  -->
  <context-param>
  		<param-name>name</param-name>
  		<param-value>张三</param-value>
  </context-param>

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class Test01 extends HttpServlet{
	@Override
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		//1.如何获取servletContext对象
		ServletContext context=getServletContext();
		//获取参数对应的值
		String name = context.getInitParameter("name");
		System.out.println("Test01获取name="+name);
	}
	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		doPost(req, resp);
	}
}

（二）、获取web工程中的资源

如获取WebContent下的文件夹file里面的配置文件config.properties（三种方式）

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class Test02 extends HttpServlet{
	@Override
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		//test01();  //
		//test02();  //直接给相对路径，获取流对象
		//test03();  //通过类加载器获取web工程下的资源
	}
	private void test01() throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
		//创建servletContext对象
		ServletContext context=getServletContext();
		//获取项目在Tomcat里面的路径
		//String path = context.getRealPath("");//获取项目发布到服务器上的根路径
		String path = context.getRealPath("file\\config.properties");
		
		//创建properties对象
		Properties properties=new Properties();
		//创建输入流对象
		InputStream in=new FileInputStream(path);
		//加载输入流
		properties.load(in);
		//根据key获取value值
		String value=properties.getProperty("name");
		System.out.println(value);
	}
	
	private void test02() throws FileNotFoundException, IOException{
		ServletContext context=getServletContext();
		InputStream in = context.getResourceAsStream("file/config.properties");
		Properties pro=new Properties();
		pro.load(in);
		String name=pro.getProperty("name");
		System.out.println("Test02获取name="+name);
	}
	
	private void test03() throws FileNotFoundException, IOException{
		Properties pro=new Properties();
		InputStream in=this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("../../file/config.properties");
		pro.load(in);
		String value = pro.getProperty("name");
	}
	
	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		doPost(req, resp);
	}
}

（三）、存取数据，servlet间共享数据域对象

如完成用户的登录功能，并得到在线人数

<!--login.html-->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	<h2>欢迎登陆</h2>
	<form action="loginServlet" method="get">
		账号：<input type="text" name="username"/><br>
		密码：<input type="text" name="password"/><br>
		<input type="submit" value="提交"/>
	</form>
</body>
</html>

loginServlet中的核心代码：

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class loginServlet extends HttpServlet{
	@Override
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		//通过response获取字符输入流
		PrintWriter pw=resp.getWriter();
		
		//1、获取页面提交过来的数据：用户名和密码
		String username = req.getParameter("username");
		String password = req.getParameter("password");
		//2、判断账户信息是否正确：用户名和密码
		if("admin".equals(username) && "123".equals(password)) {//3、登陆成功
			//获取以前的count值加一
			Object obj = getServletContext().getAttribute("count");
			int totalCount=0;
			if(obj!=null) {
				totalCount=(int)obj;
			}
			System.out.println("已知当前登录总用户数："+totalCount);
			getServletContext().setAttribute("count", totalCount+1);
			
			//设置状态码
			resp.setStatus(302);
			//定位跳转的资源所在位置
			resp.setHeader("Location", "login_success.html");
		}else {//登陆失败
			pw.write("login error!");
		}
	}
	
	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		doPost(req, resp);
	}
}

登录成功所跳转的页面：login_success.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	<h1>登陆成功</h1>
	<a href="countServlet">获取网站登陆成功总人数</a>
</body>
</html>

获取网站登陆成功的总人数countServlet

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class countServlet extends HttpServlet{
	@Override
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		ServletContext context = getServletContext();
		//取出登录成功的总人数
		int count = (int)context.getAttribute("count");
		//返回给页面
		resp.getWriter().write("login success count="+count);
	}
	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		doPost(req, resp);
	}
}