springcloud入门

最新推荐文章于 2023-04-12 16:37:39 发布

BK_201H

最新推荐文章于 2023-04-12 16:37:39 发布

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分类专栏： springcloud

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45105634/article/details/103890558

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Springcloud简介

简介

Spring Cloud是一系列框架的有序集合。它利用Spring Boot的开发便利性巧妙地简化了分布式系统基础设施的开发，如服务发现注册、配置中心、消息总线、负载均衡、断路器、数据监控等，都可以用Spring Boot的开发风格做到一键启动和部署。Spring Cloud并没有重复制造轮子，它只是将目前各家公司开发的比较成熟、经得起实际考验的服务框架组合起来，通过Spring Boot风格进行再封装屏蔽掉了复杂的配置和实现原理，最终给开发者留出了一套简单易懂、易部署和易维护的分布式系统开发工具包。
详细介绍

配套参考资料：

springcloud项目官方主页
 springcloud中文网有很详细的翻译文档
 springcloud中文论坛
在这里插入图片描述
Springcloud版本pom文件生成可借助网站：点击进入
原有的单体项目最终会被演化成下面

这样的架构解决了单体项目几点问题：
1、zuul网关解决了服务调用安全性的问题
2、服务注册与发现（注册中心）eureka解决了各层服务耦合问题，它是微服务架构的核心，有它才能将单体项目拆解成微服务架构
3、Eureka集群解决了微服务中，注册中心宕机产生的问题
4、Ribbon负载均衡及Feign消费者调用服务，减小了各微服务服务器的访问压力，默认采用了经典的轮询机制
5、熔断器Hystrix解决了，微服务架构中服务器雪崩现象
6、服务监控（单机Dashboard与集群turbine），方便运维人员查看微服务架构项目运行时，各个服务器的运行状态
7、服务配置中心（springcloud config），用来通过github统一管理各个微服务的配置文件（yml文件）

详情查阅可见中的images文件夹

入门案例

最简单的微服务架构会有四个工程
首先先新建
在这里插入图片描述

导入pom依赖

<packaging>war</packaging>



    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <druid.version>1.1.10</druid.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Edgware.SR4</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>1.5.13.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--  连接池  -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>${druid.version}</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
</project>

创建通用模块microservice-common
导入pom依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.ljy</groupId>
        <artifactId>microservice</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>


    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

创建服务提供者microservice-book-provider-1001

这里服务提供者操作数据库
在这里插入图片描述
pom依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.ljy</groupId>
        <artifactId>microservice</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>microservice-book-provider-1001</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.ljy</groupId>
            <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--  修改后立即生效，热部署  -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>


    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

application.yml

server:
  port: 1001
  context-path: /
spring:
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/class_?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
    username: root
    password: 123
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
    show-sql: true

启动类
MicroserviceBookProvider1001Application

package com.ljy.microservicebookprovider1001;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan;

@EntityScan("com.ljy.*.*")
@SpringBootApplication
public class MicroserviceBookProvider1001Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceBookProvider1001Application.class, args);
    }

}

StudentRepository

package com.ljy.microservicebookprovider1001.repository;

import com.ljy.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;

/**
 * @author ljy
 * @site www.fellingss.com
 * @company
 * @create 2020-01-08 16:08
 */
public interface StudentRepository extends JpaRepository<Student, Integer>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Student> {

}

StudentService

package com.ljy.microservicebookprovider1001.service;

import com.ljy.microservicecommon.entity.Student;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author ljy
 * @site www.fellingss.com
 * @company
 * @create 2020-01-08 16:10
 */
public interface StudentService {

    public void save(Student student);

    public Student findById(Integer id);

    public List<Student> list();

    public void delete(Integer id);


}

StudentServiceImpl

package com.ljy.microservicebookprovider1001.service.Impl;

import com.ljy.microservicebookprovider1001.repository.StudentRepository;
import com.ljy.microservicebookprovider1001.service.StudentService;
import com.ljy.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author ljy
 * @site www.fellingss.com
 * @company
 * @create 2020-01-08 16:11
 */
@Service
public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService {

    @Autowired
    private StudentRepository studentRepository;

    @Override
    public void save(Student student) {
        studentRepository.save(student);
    }

    @Override
    public Student findById(Integer id) {
        return studentRepository.findOne(id);
    }

    @Override
    public List<Student> list() {
        return studentRepository.findAll();
    }

    @Override
    public void delete(Integer id) {
        studentRepository.delete(id);
    }

}

StudentProviderController

package com.ljy.microservicebookprovider1001.controller;

import com.ljy.microservicebookprovider1001.service.StudentService;
import com.ljy.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author ljy
 * @site www.fellingss.com
 * @company
 * @create 2020-01-08 16:12
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentProviderController {

    @Autowired
    private StudentService studentService;

    @PostMapping(value="/save")
    public boolean save(Student student){
        try{
            studentService.save(student);
            return true;
        }catch(Exception e){
            return false;
        }
    }

    @GetMapping(value="/list")
    public List<Student> list(){
        return studentService.list();
    }

    @GetMapping(value="/get/{id}")
    public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return studentService.findById(id);
    }

    @GetMapping(value="/delete/{id}")
    public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        try{
            studentService.delete(id);
            return true;
        }catch(Exception e){
            return false;
        }
    }
}

创建子项目（microservice-student-consumer-80）
pom依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.ljy</groupId>
        <artifactId>microservice</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>microservice-student-consumer-80</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.javaxl</groupId>
            <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--  修改后立即生效，热部署  -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>


    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

application.yml

server:
  port: 80
  context-path: /

设置启动类只读不写
MicroserviceStudentConsumer80Application

package com.ljy.microservicestudentconsumer80;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;

@SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
public class MicroserviceStudentConsumer80Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentConsumer80Application.class, args);
    }

}

SpringCloudConfig配置类：完成consumer调用provider

package com.ljy.microservicestudentconsumer80.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**
 * @author ljy
 * @site www.fellingss.com
 * @company
 * @create 2020-01-08 16:22
 */
@Configuration
public class SpringCloudConfig {
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

StudentConsumerController

package com.ljy.microservicestudentconsumer80.controller;

import com.ljy.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author ljy
 * @site www.fellingss.com
 * @company
 * @create 2020-01-08 16:23
 */

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentConsumerController {

    private final static String SERVER_IP_PORT = "http://localhost:1001";

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @PostMapping(value="/save")
    private boolean save(Student student){
        return restTemplate.postForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/save", student, Boolean.class);
    }

    @GetMapping(value="/list")
    public List<Student> list(){
        return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/list", List.class);
    }

    @GetMapping(value="/get/{id}")
    public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/get/"+id, Student.class);
    }

    @GetMapping(value="/delete/{id}")
    public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        try{
            restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/delete/"+id, Boolean.class);
            return true;
        }catch(Exception e){
            return false;
        }
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述
测试先启动provider再启动comsumer

注册中心eureka

Eureka简介
Eureka是Netflix开发的服务发现框架，本身是一个基于REST的服务，主要用于定位运行在AWS域中的中间层服务，以达到负载均衡和中间层服务故障转移的目的。SpringCloud将它集成在其子项目spring-cloud-netflix中，以实现SpringCloud的服务发现功能。
Eureka包含两个组件：Eureka Server和Eureka Client。
Eureka Server提供服务注册服务，各个节点启动后，会在Eureka Server中进行注册，这样EurekaServer中的服务注册表中将会存储所有可用服务节点的信息，服务节点的信息可以在界面中直观的看到。
Eureka Client是一个java客户端，用于简化与Eureka Server的交互，客户端同时也就别一个内置的、使用轮询(round-robin)负载算法的负载均衡器。
在应用启动后，将会向Eureka Server发送心跳,默认周期为30秒，如果Eureka Server在多个心跳周期内没有接收到某个节点的心跳，Eureka Server将会从服务注册表中把这个服务节点移除(默认90秒)。
Eureka Server之间通过复制的方式完成数据的同步，Eureka还提供了客户端缓存机制，即使所有的Eureka Server都挂掉，客户端依然可以利用缓存中的信息消费其他服务的API。综上，Eureka通过心跳检查、客户端缓存等机制，确保了系统的高可用性、灵活性和可伸缩性。

类似zookeeper，Eureka也是一个服务注册和发现组件，是SpringCloud的一个优秀子项目，不过比较坑的是，Eureka2版本已经停止更新了。但是Eureka1版本还是很稳定，功能足够用，所以还是有必要学习下。

但是这里有几个常用的服务注册与发现组件比对；
在这里插入图片描述
服务注册与发现原理。

Eureka的使用
前面说过eureka是c/s模式的 server服务端就是服务注册中心，其他的都是client客户端，服务端用来管理所有服务，客户端通过注册中心，来调用具体的服务；
我们先来搭建下服务端，也就是服务注册中心；

新建 module microservice-eureka-server-2001；
在pom文件中加入eureka-server依赖；
在yml文件中添加Eureka服务端相关信息；
在启动类中添加@EnableEurekaServer注解；
pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.ljy</groupId>
        <artifactId>microservice</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>microservice-eureka-server-2001</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--  修改后立即生效，热部署  -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

application.yml

server:
  port: 2001
  context-path: /
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost #eureka注册中心实例名称
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false     #false 由于该应用为注册中心，所以设置为false,代表不向注册中心注册自己。
    fetch-registry: false     #false 由于注册中心的职责就是维护服务实例，它并不需要去检索服务，所以也设置为false
    service-url:
     defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/       #设置与Eureka注册中心交互的地址，查询服务和注册服务用到

启动类：
MicroserviceEurekaServer2001Application

package com.ljy.microserviceeurekaserver2001;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;

@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class MicroserviceEurekaServer2001Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceEurekaServer2001Application.class, args);
    }

}

测试是否搭建成功
先启动服务中心，再启动服务
在这里插入图片描述
注册服务
使用到之前创建的microservice-student-provider-1001
注册服务需要导入pom依赖

 <!--xiang向Eureka中注册服务 加上eureka客户端依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>

application.yml的配置文件

server:
  port: 1001
  context-path: /
spring:
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/class_?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
    username: root
    password: 123
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
    show-sql: true
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost  #eureka客户端主机实例名称
    appname: microservice-student  #客户端服务名
    instance-id: microservice-student:1001 #客户端实例名称
    prefer-ip-address: true #显示IP
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:2001/eureka   #把服务注册到eureka注册中心

启动类：

package com.ljy.microservicebookprovider1001;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@EntityScan("com.ljy.*.*")//jpa的扫描包
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class MicroserviceBookProvider1001Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceBookProvider1001Application.class, args);
    }

}

测试
在这里插入图片描述
服务监控

没监控之前

添加监控后:

pom

 <!-- actuator监控引入 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

yml:

info:
  groupId: com.ljy
  artifactId: microservice-student-provider-1001
  version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
  userName: http://ljy.com
  phone: 123456

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springcloud入门

文章目录Springcloud简介入门案例注册中心eurekaSpringcloud简介简介Spring Cloud是一系列框架的有序集合。它利用Spring Boot的开发便利性巧妙地简化了分布式系统基础设施的开发，如服务发现注册、配置中心、消息总线、负载均衡、断路器、数据监控等，都可以用Spring Boot的开发风格做到一键启动和部署。Spring Cloud并没有重复制造轮子，它只是...
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