RabbitMQ基础篇(九)-死信队列（DLX）

最新推荐文章于 2023-10-17 16:14:55 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-10-17 16:14:55 发布

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分类专栏： RabbitMQ 文章标签： java-rabbitmq rabbitmq java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45145827/article/details/130858616

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死信队列（DLX）

消费者在消费消息过程中出现意外导致消费失败即称为“死信”。而不希望这些执行失败的消息丢失，需要存储到另一个队列当中时，这种队列即为“死信队列”。
消息出现一下情况会导致 “死信”

消息被否定，消费者使用 channel.basicNack或channel.basicReject，并且requeue被设置为false时。
消息超过过期时间。消息在队列的存活时间超过了设置的生存时间(TTL)
消息数量超出队列长度（消息溢出）

以下将以“消息溢出”为案例

消费者

public class NormalConsumer {
    // 死信队列名
    private static final String DEAD_QUEUE_NAME = "dead-queue";
    // 死信交换机
    private static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE_NAME = "dead-exchange";
    // 普通队列名称
    private static final String NORMAL_QUEUE_NAME = "normal-queue";
    // 普通交换机名称
    private static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE_NAME = "normal-exchange";
    public static final String NORMAL_ROUTING_KEY = "normal-demo";
    public static final String DEAD_ROUTING_KEY = "dead-demo";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception, TimeoutException {
        Connection connection = RabbitConnectionUtil.getConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        // 声明交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
        channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);

        // 声明队列
        Map<String, Object> normalArguments = new HashMap<>();
        // 死信队列绑定配置：死信交换机、死信routingKey、普通队列长度限制（超出长度变为死信）
        normalArguments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", DEAD_EXCHANGE_NAME);
        normalArguments.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", DEAD_ROUTING_KEY);
        normalArguments.put("x-max-length", 4);
        channel.queueDeclare(NORMAL_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, normalArguments);

        // 声明死信队列
        Map<String, Object> deadArguments = new HashMap<>();
        channel.queueDeclare(DEAD_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, deadArguments);

        // 绑定普通交换机和普通队列
        channel.queueBind(NORMAL_QUEUE_NAME, NORMAL_EXCHANGE_NAME, NORMAL_ROUTING_KEY);
        // 绑定死信交换机和死信队列
        channel.queueBind(DEAD_QUEUE_NAME, DEAD_EXCHANGE_NAME, DEAD_ROUTING_KEY);

        System.out.println("normal consumer：waiting message...");

        //消息消费成功之后的回调
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, message) -> {
            String messageStr = new String(message.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
            if (messageStr.contains("5")) {
                System.out.println("mock ==> 请手动停止NomalConsumer程序，重启消费者，模拟普通队列的消息超出长度，导致死信");
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(100000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            System.out.println("normal consumer：" + messageStr);
        };
        channel.basicConsume(NORMAL_QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumer -> {
        });
    }
}

死信消费者

public class DeadConsumer {
    // 死信队列名
    private static final String DEAD_QUEUE_NAME = "dead-queue";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Connection connection = RabbitConnectionUtil.getConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        System.out.println("dead consumer: waiting message...");
        DeliverCallback deadCallback = (consumerTag, message) -> {
            System.out.println("dead consumer: " + new String(message.getBody()));
        };
        channel.basicConsume(DEAD_QUEUE_NAME, true, deadCallback, consumerTag -> {
        });
    }
}

消息提供者

public class NormalAndDeadProducer {
    // 普通交换机名称
    private static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE_NAME = "normal-exchange";
    public static final String NORMAL_ROUTING_KEY = "normal-demo";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Connection connection = RabbitConnectionUtil.getConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        // 死信消息TTL时间
        AMQP.BasicProperties properties = new AMQP.BasicProperties()
                .builder()
                .expiration("10000")
                .build();

        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            String message = "message info index is " + i;
            channel.basicPublish(NORMAL_EXCHANGE_NAME, NORMAL_ROUTING_KEY, properties, message.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        }

    }
}