一. 内容简介
在QT中使用Q3Dsurface绘制三维图。项目需要，而大部分教程都是比较简单的绘制，不能满足需求，本教程将三维数组数据绘制成三维曲面，在绘制三维曲面时，我原本以为是给入数据，然后由框架拟合出曲面，其实不是，本质上是一个一个点连接的，需要按顺序连接好节点，即一行一列连接，否则曲面就会看不出形状。
二. 软件环境
2.1QT 5.14.1
QT编译器采用的是MSVC2017 64bit
2.2文中测试代码
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1fSvwg6eJzUocXh2vg_clkQ?pwd=1234
三.主要流程
3.1pro文件中添加相关组件
3.2搭建三维显示模块
3.3填入相关数据
3.4其他设置
3.5结果展示
3.6点击按钮更改图象数据以及样式
3.7案例补充
3.8三维样式美化
3.9多次绘制三维图，程序闪退问题
四.具体步骤
4.1pro文件中添加相关组件
Q3Dsurface属于datavisualizationd组件，需要添加相应配置
// pro文件添加
QT += datavisualization
// 头文件添加
#include <QtDataVisualization>
#include <QSurface>
// 更新一下，还得加两个东西
// 这个是布局用的
#include <QBoxLayout>
// 不加这个会报错，定义的变量
using namespace QtDataVisualization;
// 头文件还要把变量给定义上，方便后边改图的数据
QSurface3DSeries *series;
Q3DSurface *groupBox;
QSurfaceDataArray * dataArray;
4.2搭建三维显示模块
// 这个写完，三维的结构就有了
groupBox = new Q3DSurface;
groupBox->axisX()->setTitle("X轴");
groupBox->axisY()->setTitle("Y轴");
groupBox->axisZ()->setTitle("Z轴");
groupBox->axisY()->setRange(-5,10);
groupBox->axisX()->setRange(-11,11);
groupBox->axisZ()->setRange(-11,11);
//将三维图与数据进行绑定
QSurfaceDataProxy * proxy = new QSurfaceDataProxy;
series = new QSurface3DSeries(proxy);
/// 这个就已经将数据和图绑定了，后边更改图数据时候，直接改series即可
groupBox->addSeries(series);
QVBoxLayout* vLayout = new QVBoxLayout();
// 还有这个地方，是将groupBox和vLayout绑定到一起，直接改groupBox,页面里面的三维图也会跟着改变的
vLayout->addWidget(createWindowContainer(groupBox));
ui->widget->setLayout(vLayout);
dataArray = new QSurfaceDataArray;
4.3填入相关数据
这块按照自己的三维数组的数据,x,y,z填入，但是QT三维图轴顺序和正常不一样，需要改下数据顺序。
墨西哥草帽数据
int N = 41;
dataArray->reserve(N);
float x=-10,y,z;
int i,j;
for(i = 1;i <= N;i++){
QSurfaceDataRow *newRow = new QSurfaceDataRow(N);
y = -10;
int index = 0;
for(j=1;j<=N;j++){
z=qSqrt(x*x+y*y);
if(z!=0)
z=10*qSin(z)/z;
else
z=10;
(*newRow)[index++].setPosition(QVector3D(x,z,y));
y=y+0.5;
}
x=x+0.5;
*dataArray<<newRow;
}
series->dataProxy()->resetArray(dataArray);
感觉qt这个绘图是把opengl做了一个封装的
QSurfaceDataArray * dataArray_p = new QSurfaceDataArray;
//数据
int N = 73;//根据行进行设置
int M =73;//根据列进行设置
// 行列设置不好的话，图像会扭曲
dataArray_p->reserve(N);
int i,j;
for(i = 1;i <= N;i++){
QSurfaceDataRow *newRow = new QSurfaceDataRow(M);
int index = 0;
for(j=1;j<=M;j++){
//QT三维图绘制，轴并不是按照x,y,z这个顺序走的，具体怎么走的可以试试，中间是数据常规的z轴
(*newRow)[index++].setPosition(QVector3D(i,out_p[i][j],j));
}
*dataArray_p<<newRow;
}
series_p->dataProxy()->resetArray(dataArray_p);
再放一个，数组好像是7272，还是7373，可以试试
dataArray->clear();
content_img->axisY()->setRange(min - min * 0.01, max + max * 0.01);
content_img->axisX()->setRange(0, N + 1 + 1);
content_img->axisZ()->setRange(0, N + 1 + 1);
// 按行列填数据
int NN = N + 1;
dataArray->reserve(NN);
for (int i = 1; i <= NN; i++)
{
QSurfaceDataRow *newRow = new QSurfaceDataRow(NN);
int index = 0;
for (int j = 1; j <= NN; j++)
{
(*newRow)[index++].setPosition(QVector3D(i, out_h[i][j], j));
}
*dataArray << newRow;
}
// 更新数据
series->dataProxy()->resetArray(dataArray);
ui->bottom_console->appendPlainText(QString("气膜厚度 最大值: %1,最小值: %2.").arg(max).arg(min));
4.4其他设置
设置渐变
QLinearGradient gr;
gr.setColorAt(0.0, QColor(247, 41, 0));
gr.setColorAt(0.25, QColor(212, 168, 0));
gr.setColorAt(0.50, QColor(12, 235, 13));
gr.setColorAt(0.75, QColor(0, 134, 212));
gr.setColorAt(1.0, QColor(174, 15, 245));
content_img->seriesList().at(0)->setBaseGradient(gr);
content_img->seriesList().at(0)->setColorStyle(Q3DTheme::ColorStyleRangeGradient);
设置曲面样式
series_p->setDrawMode(QSurface3DSeries::DrawFlags(2));
如果ui文件更改了，编译却没有更新，重新构建将出问题的这个ui_widget.h备份后删除，并将之前编译产生的release/debug文件夹以及.pro.user文件都删除，然后重新打开qt，清理项目，重新qmake。
4.5结果展示
数据用自己的数据绘制就好，数据不太方便展示，就拿墨西哥草帽展示吧，
这种不全的情况就是范围给小了，设定范围要比值稍微大一点点，就可以了，
groupBox_h_3D->axisY()->setRange(-5,10);
groupBox_h_3D->axisX()->setRange(-11,11);
groupBox_h_3D->axisZ()->setRange(-11,11);
4.6点击按钮更改图象数据以及样式
这个是后加的，头文件加的东西都在上边，下边代码我是写在mainwindow构造函数里面的
groupBox = new Q3DSurface;
groupBox->axisX()->setTitle("X轴");
groupBox->axisY()->setTitle("Y轴");
groupBox->axisZ()->setTitle("Z轴");
groupBox->axisY()->setRange(-5,10);
groupBox->axisX()->setRange(-11,11);
groupBox->axisZ()->setRange(-11,11);
//将三维图与数据进行绑定
QSurfaceDataProxy * proxy = new QSurfaceDataProxy;
series = new QSurface3DSeries(proxy);
groupBox->addSeries(series);
//将三维图在组中显示，布局如果需要的话，在添加一个 #include <QBoxLayout>
QVBoxLayout* vLayout = new QVBoxLayout();
vLayout->addWidget(createWindowContainer(groupBox));
ui->widget->setLayout(vLayout);
dataArray = new QSurfaceDataArray;
int N = 41;
dataArray->reserve(N);
float x=-10,y,z;
int i,j;
for(i = 1;i <= N;i++){
QSurfaceDataRow *newRow = new QSurfaceDataRow(N);
y = -10;
int index = 0;
for(j=1;j<=N;j++){
z=qSqrt(x*x+y*y);
if(z!=0)
z=10*qSin(z)/z;
else
z=10;
(*newRow)[index++].setPosition(QVector3D(x,z,y));
y=y+0.5;
}
x=x+0.5;
*dataArray<<newRow;
}
series->dataProxy()->resetArray(dataArray);
执行代码
然后开始写按钮事件，比较简单，看下意思，类比一下就好了
void MainWindow::on_pushButton_clicked()
{
// 这个clear是必写的，写在开头，把dataArray数据清一下，不然很容易程序异常退出，还不好找问题
dataArray->clear();
// 这个地方是更改图的尺寸，就上面说的，已经绑定在一起了，直接改就可以了
groupBox->axisY()->setRange(-5,300);
// 这块的数据就假装换了吧，重新给series换下数据
int N = 41;
dataArray->reserve(N);
float x=-10,y,z;
int i,j;
for(i = 1;i <= N;i++){
QSurfaceDataRow *newRow = new QSurfaceDataRow(N);
y = -10;
int index = 0;
for(j=1;j<=N;j++){
z=qSqrt(x*x+y*y);
if(z!=0)
z=10*qSin(z)/z;
else
z=10;
(*newRow)[index++].setPosition(QVector3D(x,z,y));
y=y+0.5;
}
x=x+0.5;
*dataArray<<newRow;
}
series->dataProxy()->resetArray(dataArray);
}
执行，然后点击按钮
基本上修改图的数据和结构就没问题了，剩下的就根据需要填数据和更改图的信息了。
4.7案例补充
来自评论区的数据
头文件
#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H
#include <QMainWindow>
#include <QtDataVisualization>
#include <QSurface>
#include <QBoxLayout>
#include "data.h"
using namespace QtDataVisualization;
QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
namespace Ui { class MainWindow; }
QT_END_NAMESPACE
class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
MainWindow(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
~MainWindow();
public:
QSurface3DSeries *series;
Q3DSurface *groupBox;
QSurfaceDataArray * dataArray;
double points[442][3] = {
{-3.000000 ,-3.000000 ,0.000068},
{-3.000000 ,-2.700000 ,0.000293},
{-3.000000 ,-2.400000 ,0.001005},
{-3.000000 ,-2.100000 ,0.002641},
{-3.000000 ,-1.800000 ,0.004862},
{-3.000000 ,-1.500000 ,0.004188},
{-3.000000 ,-1.200000 ,-0.008477},
{-3.000000 ,-0.900000 ,-0.045467},
{-3.000000 ,-0.600000 ,-0.111168},
{-3.000000 ,-0.300000 ,-0.189170},
{-3.000000 ,0.000000 ,-0.244939},
{-3.000000 ,0.300000 ,-0.249505},
{-3.000000 ,0.600000 ,-0.203007},
{-3.000000 ,0.900000 ,-0.132861},
{-3.000000 ,1.200000 ,-0.070095},
{-3.000000 ,1.500000 ,-0.029760},
{-3.000000 ,1.800000 ,-0.010103},
{-3.000000 ,2.100000 ,-0.002704},
{-3.000000 ,2.400000 ,-0.000554},
{-3.000000 ,2.700000 ,-0.000080},
{-3.000000 ,3.000000 ,-0.000006},
{-2.700000 ,-3.000000 ,0.000186},
{-2.700000 ,-2.700000 ,0.000800},
{-2.700000 ,-2.400000 ,0.002701},
{-2.700000 ,-2.100000 ,0.006842},
{-2.700000 ,-1.800000 ,0.011387},
{-2.700000 ,-1.500000 ,0.004427},
{-2.700000 ,-1.200000 ,-0.043181},
{-2.700000 ,-0.900000 ,-0.169456},
{-2.700000 ,-0.600000 ,-0.385742},
{-2.700000 ,-0.300000 ,-0.637074},
{-2.700000 ,0.000000 ,-0.812338},
{-2.700000 ,0.300000 ,-0.820339},
{-2.700000 ,0.600000 ,-0.664003},
{-2.700000 ,0.900000 ,-0.433137},
{-2.700000 ,1.200000 ,-0.227982},
{-2.700000 ,1.500000 ,-0.096588},
{-2.700000 ,1.800000 ,-0.032703},
{-2.700000 ,2.100000 ,-0.008715},
{-2.700000 ,2.400000 ,-0.001768},
{-2.700000 ,2.700000 ,-0.000250},
{-2.700000 ,3.000000 ,-0.000016},
{-2.400000 ,-3.000000 ,0.000422},
{-2.400000 ,-2.700000 ,0.001824},
{-2.400000 ,-2.400000 ,0.006162},
{-2.400000 ,-2.100000 ,0.015477},
{-2.400000 ,-1.800000 ,0.024730},
{-2.400000 ,-1.500000 ,0.003698},
{-2.400000 ,-1.200000 ,-0.121008},
{-2.400000 ,-0.900000 ,-0.445265},
{-2.400000 ,-0.600000 ,-0.997917},
{-2.400000 ,-0.300000 ,-1.639519},
{-2.400000 ,0.000000 ,-2.086536},
{-2.400000 ,0.300000 ,-2.104865},
{-2.400000 ,0.600000 ,-1.701265},
{-2.400000 ,0.900000 ,-1.106622},
{-2.400000 ,1.200000 ,-0.579364},
{-2.400000 ,1.500000 ,-0.243111},
{-2.400000 ,1.800000 ,-0.080922},
{-2.400000 ,2.100000 ,-0.020897},
{-2.400000 ,2.400000 ,-0.003972},
{-2.400000 ,2.700000 ,-0.000467},
{-2.400000 ,3.000000 ,0.000002},
{-2.100000 ,-3.000000 ,0.000758},
{-2.100000 ,-2.700000 ,0.003381},
{-2.100000 ,-2.400000 ,0.011833},
{-2.100000 ,-2.100000 ,0.031094},
{-2.100000 ,-1.800000 ,0.054210},
{-2.100000 ,-1.500000 ,0.026680},
{-2.100000 ,-1.200000 ,-0.193177},
{-2.100000 ,-0.900000 ,-0.801436},
{-2.100000 ,-0.600000 ,-1.873828},
{-2.100000 ,-0.300000 ,-3.151625},
{-2.100000 ,0.000000 ,-4.069706},
{-2.100000 ,0.300000 ,-4.140071},
{-2.100000 ,0.600000 ,-3.355470},
{-2.100000 ,0.900000 ,-2.174742},
{-2.100000 ,1.200000 ,-1.124849},
{-2.100000 ,1.500000 ,-0.460265},
{-2.100000 ,1.800000 ,-0.145949},
{-2.100000 ,2.100000 ,-0.034122},
{-2.100000 ,2.400000 ,-0.005007},
{-2.100000 ,2.700000 ,-0.000036},
{-2.100000 ,3.000000 ,0.000225},
{-1.800000 ,-3.000000 ,0.000934},
{-1.800000 ,-2.700000 ,0.004611},
{-1.800000 ,-2.400000 ,0.017836},
{-1.800000 ,-2.100000 ,0.052742},
{-1.800000 ,-1.800000 ,0.111953},
{-1.800000 ,-1.500000 ,0.135139},
{-1.800000 ,-1.200000 ,-0.077418},
{-1.800000 ,-0.900000 ,-0.847329},
{-1.800000 ,-0.600000 ,-2.363920},
{-1.800000 ,-0.300000 ,-4.308261},
{-1.800000 ,0.000000 ,-5.818408},
{-1.800000 ,0.300000 ,-6.066756},
{-1.800000 ,0.600000 ,-4.960190},
{-1.800000 ,0.900000 ,-3.189389},
{-1.800000 ,1.200000 ,-1.600269},
{-1.800000 ,1.500000 ,-0.611370},
{-1.800000 ,1.800000 ,-0.166244},
{-1.800000 ,2.100000 ,-0.024599},
{-1.800000 ,2.400000 ,0.002919},
{-1.800000 ,2.700000 ,0.003185},
{-1.800000 ,3.000000 ,0.001144},
{-1.500000 ,-3.000000 ,0.000192},
{-1.500000 ,-2.700000 ,0.002596},
{-1.500000 ,-2.400000 ,0.015568},
{-1.500000 ,-2.100000 ,0.062365},
{-1.500000 ,-1.800000 ,0.178047},
{-1.500000 ,-1.500000 ,0.353903},
{-1.500000 ,-1.200000 ,0.411329},
{-1.500000 ,-0.900000 ,-0.065832},
{-1.500000 ,-0.600000 ,-1.481688},
{-1.500000 ,-0.300000 ,-3.674417},
{-1.500000 ,0.000000 ,-5.667352},
{-1.500000 ,0.300000 ,-6.300365},
{-1.500000 ,0.600000 ,-5.252627},
{-1.500000 ,0.900000 ,-3.292726},
{-1.500000 ,1.200000 ,-1.502585},
{-1.500000 ,1.500000 ,-0.440424},
{-1.500000 ,1.800000 ,-0.029021},
{-1.500000 ,2.100000 ,0.050342},
{-1.500000 ,2.400000 ,0.033528},
{-1.500000 ,2.700000 ,0.012913},
{-1.500000 ,3.000000 ,0.003600},
{-1.200000 ,-3.000000 ,-0.002755},
{-1.200000 ,-2.700000 ,-0.008045},
{-1.200000 ,-2.400000 ,-0.013206},
{-1.200000 ,-2.100000 ,0.010420},
{-1.200000 ,-1.800000 ,0.146377},
{-1.200000 ,-1.500000 ,0.509474},
{-1.200000 ,-1.200000 ,1.073202},
{-1.200000 ,-0.900000 ,1.427592},
{-1.200000 ,-0.600000 ,0.876206},
{-1.200000 ,-0.300000 ,-0.864700},
{-1.200000 ,0.000000 ,-3.013152},
{-1.200000 ,0.300000 ,-4.168756},
{-1.200000 ,0.600000 ,-3.632724},
{-1.200000 ,0.900000 ,-2.031204},
{-1.200000 ,1.200000 ,-0.534210},
{-1.200000 ,1.500000 ,0.222456},
{-1.200000 ,1.800000 ,0.349102},
{-1.200000 ,2.100000 ,0.225344},
{-1.200000 ,2.400000 ,0.098849},
{-1.200000 ,2.700000 ,0.032608},
{-1.200000 ,3.000000 ,0.008414},
{-0.900000 ,-3.000000 ,-0.008953},
{-0.900000 ,-2.700000 ,-0.032154},
{-0.900000 ,-2.400000 ,-0.087140},
{-0.900000 ,-2.100000 ,-0.163045},
{-0.900000 ,-1.800000 ,-0.144261},
{-0.900000 ,-1.500000 ,0.237908},
{-0.900000 ,-1.200000 ,1.215248},
{-0.900000 ,-0.900000 ,2.514839},
{-0.900000 ,-0.600000 ,3.174202},
{-0.900000 ,-0.300000 ,2.320941},
{-0.900000 ,0.000000 ,0.343307},
{-0.900000 ,0.300000 ,-1.204810},
{-0.900000 ,0.600000 ,-1.203180},
{-0.900000 ,0.900000 ,-0.068894},
{-0.900000 ,1.200000 ,0.974118},
{-0.900000 ,1.500000 ,1.243193},
{-0.900000 ,1.800000 ,0.924921},
{-0.900000 ,2.100000 ,0.489816},
{-0.900000 ,2.400000 ,0.197123},
{-0.900000 ,2.700000 ,0.062171},
{-0.900000 ,3.000000 ,0.015636},
{-0.600000 ,-3.000000 ,-0.017750},
{-0.600000 ,-2.700000 ,-0.067619},
{-0.600000 ,-2.400000 ,-0.201949},
{-0.600000 ,-2.100000 ,-0.457725},
{-0.600000 ,-1.800000 ,-0.731462},
{-0.600000 ,-1.500000 ,-0.634331},
{-0.600000 ,-1.200000 ,0.343353},
{-0.600000 ,-0.900000 ,2.160214},
{-0.600000 ,-0.600000 ,3.720137},
{-0.600000 ,-0.300000 ,3.663117},
{-0.600000 ,0.000000 ,2.013918},
{-0.600000 ,0.300000 ,0.438600},
{-0.600000 ,0.600000 ,0.374154},
{-0.600000 ,0.900000 ,1.473947},
{-0.600000 ,1.200000 ,2.355339},
{-0.600000 ,1.500000 ,2.271368},
{-0.600000 ,1.800000 ,1.537984},
{-0.600000 ,2.100000 ,0.780755},
{-0.600000 ,2.400000 ,0.307441},
{-0.600000 ,2.700000 ,0.095800},
{-0.600000 ,3.000000 ,0.023925},
{-0.300000 ,-3.000000 ,-0.026150},
{-0.300000 ,-2.700000 ,-0.102223},
{-0.300000 ,-2.400000 ,-0.317416},
{-0.300000 ,-2.100000 ,-0.767732},
{-0.300000 ,-1.800000 ,-1.395157},
{-0.300000 ,-1.500000 ,-1.753722},
{-0.300000 ,-1.200000 ,-1.119761},
{-0.300000 ,-0.900000 ,0.709572},
{-0.300000 ,-0.600000 ,2.654929},
{-0.300000 ,-0.300000 ,3.094026},
{-0.300000 ,0.000000 ,1.815670},
{-0.300000 ,0.300000 ,0.527114},
{-0.300000 ,0.600000 ,0.801788},
{-0.300000 ,0.900000 ,2.230365},
{-0.300000 ,1.200000 ,3.234207},
{-0.300000 ,1.500000 ,3.008162},
{-0.300000 ,1.800000 ,2.003795},
{-0.300000 ,2.100000 ,1.008907},
{-0.300000 ,2.400000 ,0.395575},
{-0.300000 ,2.700000 ,0.122985},
{-0.300000 ,3.000000 ,0.030681},
{0.000000 ,-3.000000 ,-0.030401},
{0.000000 ,-2.700000 ,-0.120309},
{0.000000 ,-2.400000 ,-0.380282},
{0.000000 ,-2.100000 ,-0.945722},
{0.000000 ,-1.800000 ,-1.804182},
{0.000000 ,-1.500000 ,-2.514010},
{0.000000 ,-1.200000 ,-2.259910},
{0.000000 ,-0.900000 ,-0.669896},
{0.000000 ,-0.600000 ,1.301386},
{0.000000 ,-0.300000 ,2.006214},
{0.000000 ,0.000000 ,1.103638},
{0.000000 ,0.300000 ,0.192641},
{0.000000 ,0.600000 ,0.792967},
{0.000000 ,0.900000 ,2.447181},
{0.000000 ,1.200000 ,3.535944},
{0.000000 ,1.500000 ,3.270106},
{0.000000 ,1.800000 ,2.170710},
{0.000000 ,2.100000 ,1.090871},
{0.000000 ,2.400000 ,0.427301},
{0.000000 ,2.700000 ,0.132794},
{0.000000 ,3.000000 ,0.033125},
{0.300000 ,-3.000000 ,-0.028680},
{0.300000 ,-2.700000 ,-0.114190},
{0.300000 ,-2.400000 ,-0.364059},
{0.300000 ,-2.100000 ,-0.917215},
{0.300000 ,-1.800000 ,-1.787762},
{0.300000 ,-1.500000 ,-2.595080},
{0.300000 ,-1.200000 ,-2.582006},
{0.300000 ,-0.900000 ,-1.333207},
{0.300000 ,-0.600000 ,0.392056},
{0.300000 ,-0.300000 ,1.150931},
{0.300000 ,0.000000 ,0.575767},
{0.300000 ,0.300000 ,-0.007444},
{0.300000 ,0.600000 ,0.689411},
{0.300000 ,0.900000 ,2.244410},
{0.300000 ,1.200000 ,3.232559},
{0.300000 ,1.500000 ,2.979001},
{0.300000 ,1.800000 ,1.973343},
{0.300000 ,2.100000 ,0.990557},
{0.300000 ,2.400000 ,0.387782},
{0.300000 ,2.700000 ,0.120483},
{0.300000 ,3.000000 ,0.030052},
{0.600000 ,-3.000000 ,-0.022206},
{0.600000 ,-2.700000 ,-0.088593},
{0.600000 ,-2.400000 ,-0.283204},
{0.600000 ,-2.100000 ,-0.716066},
{0.600000 ,-1.800000 ,-1.402699},
{0.600000 ,-1.500000 ,-2.051234},
{0.600000 ,-1.200000 ,-2.065167},
{0.600000 ,-0.900000 ,-1.090133},
{0.600000 ,-0.600000 ,0.325428},
{0.600000 ,-0.300000 ,1.064439},
{0.600000 ,0.000000 ,0.774428},
{0.600000 ,0.300000 ,0.389260},
{0.600000 ,0.600000 ,0.871670},
{0.600000 ,0.900000 ,1.946288},
{0.600000 ,1.200000 ,2.590382},
{0.600000 ,1.500000 ,2.324478},
{0.600000 ,1.800000 ,1.522213},
{0.600000 ,2.100000 ,0.759755},
{0.600000 ,2.400000 ,0.296504},
{0.600000 ,2.700000 ,0.091956},
{0.600000 ,3.000000 ,0.022912},
{0.900000 ,-3.000000 ,-0.014009},
{0.900000 ,-2.700000 ,-0.055556},
{0.900000 ,-2.400000 ,-0.175822},
{0.900000 ,-2.100000 ,-0.436652},
{0.900000 ,-1.800000 ,-0.825556},
{0.900000 ,-1.500000 ,-1.111468},
{0.900000 ,-1.200000 ,-0.852904},
{0.900000 ,-0.900000 ,0.212440},
{0.900000 ,-0.600000 ,1.679683},
{0.900000 ,-0.300000 ,2.660271},
{0.900000 ,0.000000 ,2.707999},
{0.900000 ,0.300000 ,2.302930},
{0.900000 ,0.600000 ,2.139698},
{0.900000 ,0.900000 ,2.255397},
{0.900000 ,1.200000 ,2.191481},
{0.900000 ,1.500000 ,1.720801},
{0.900000 ,1.800000 ,1.058263},
{0.900000 ,2.100000 ,0.511185},
{0.900000 ,2.400000 ,0.195834},
{0.900000 ,2.700000 ,0.060059},
{0.900000 ,3.000000 ,0.014858},
{1.200000 ,-3.000000 ,-0.006945},
{1.200000 ,-2.700000 ,-0.026703},
{1.200000 ,-2.400000 ,-0.080183},
{1.200000 ,-2.100000 ,-0.180180},
{1.200000 ,-1.800000 ,-0.269572},
{1.200000 ,-1.500000 ,-0.130879},
{1.200000 ,-1.200000 ,0.588730},
{1.200000 ,-0.900000 ,2.082124},
{1.200000 ,-0.600000 ,3.996847},
{1.200000 ,-0.300000 ,5.496197},
{1.200000 ,0.000000 ,5.919244},
{1.200000 ,0.300000 ,5.327268},
{1.200000 ,0.600000 ,4.274501},
{1.200000 ,0.900000 ,3.201417},
{1.200000 ,1.200000 ,2.232322},
{1.200000 ,1.500000 ,1.389897},
{1.200000 ,1.800000 ,0.739233},
{1.200000 ,2.100000 ,0.326622},
{1.200000 ,2.400000 ,0.118348},
{1.200000 ,2.700000 ,0.035016},
{1.200000 ,3.000000 ,0.008458},
{1.500000 ,-3.000000 ,-0.002435},
{1.500000 ,-2.700000 ,-0.008252},
{1.500000 ,-2.400000 ,-0.018887},
{1.500000 ,-2.100000 ,-0.015303},
{1.500000 ,-1.800000 ,0.089361},
{1.500000 ,-1.500000 ,0.505803},
{1.500000 ,-1.200000 ,1.531370},
{1.500000 ,-0.900000 ,3.312423},
{1.500000 ,-0.600000 ,5.523781},
{1.500000 ,-0.300000 ,7.355614},
{1.500000 ,0.000000 ,8.009545},
{1.500000 ,0.300000 ,7.285686},
{1.500000 ,0.600000 ,5.655269},
{1.500000 ,0.900000 ,3.817973},
{1.500000 ,1.200000 ,2.267949},
{1.500000 ,1.500000 ,1.185343},
{1.500000 ,1.800000 ,0.539478},
{1.500000 ,2.100000 ,0.210638},
{1.500000 ,2.400000 ,0.069575},
{1.500000 ,2.700000 ,0.019240},
{1.500000 ,3.000000 ,0.004425},
{1.800000 ,-3.000000 ,-0.000360},
{1.800000 ,-2.700000 ,-0.000055},
{1.800000 ,-2.400000 ,0.006894},
{1.800000 ,-2.100000 ,0.048003},
{1.800000 ,-1.800000 ,0.206257},
{1.800000 ,-1.500000 ,0.653831},
{1.800000 ,-1.200000 ,1.616615},
{1.800000 ,-0.900000 ,3.198324},
{1.800000 ,-0.600000 ,5.138882},
{1.800000 ,-0.300000 ,6.776986},
{1.800000 ,0.000000 ,7.401464},
{1.800000 ,0.300000 ,6.752066},
{1.800000 ,0.600000 ,5.189364},
{1.800000 ,0.900000 ,3.387729},
{1.800000 ,1.200000 ,1.891415},
{1.800000 ,1.500000 ,0.906946},
{1.800000 ,1.800000 ,0.373783},
{1.800000 ,2.100000 ,0.132056},
{1.800000 ,2.400000 ,0.039794},
{1.800000 ,2.700000 ,0.010167},
{1.800000 ,3.000000 ,0.002190},
{2.100000 ,-3.000000 ,0.000217},
{2.100000 ,-2.700000 ,0.001801},
{2.100000 ,-2.400000 ,0.010539},
{2.100000 ,-2.100000 ,0.047303},
{2.100000 ,-1.800000 ,0.168434},
{2.100000 ,-1.500000 ,0.483970},
{2.100000 ,-1.200000 ,1.133558},
{2.100000 ,-0.900000 ,2.179044},
{2.100000 ,-0.600000 ,3.455691},
{2.100000 ,-0.300000 ,4.541002},
{2.100000 ,0.000000 ,4.964498},
{2.100000 ,0.300000 ,4.533449},
{2.100000 ,0.600000 ,3.471635},
{2.100000 ,0.900000 ,2.238094},
{2.100000 ,1.200000 ,1.219034},
{2.100000 ,1.500000 ,0.562633},
{2.100000 ,1.800000 ,0.220475},
{2.100000 ,2.100000 ,0.073407},
{2.100000 ,2.400000 ,0.020755},
{2.100000 ,2.700000 ,0.004975},
{2.100000 ,3.000000 ,0.001009},
{2.400000 ,-3.000000 ,0.000207},
{2.400000 ,-2.700000 ,0.001301},
{2.400000 ,-2.400000 ,0.006583},
{2.400000 ,-2.100000 ,0.027116},
{2.400000 ,-1.800000 ,0.091522},
{2.400000 ,-1.500000 ,0.254264},
{2.400000 ,-1.200000 ,0.583402},
{2.400000 ,-0.900000 ,1.108549},
{2.400000 ,-0.600000 ,1.748488},
{2.400000 ,-0.300000 ,2.294150},
{2.400000 ,0.000000 ,2.509140},
{2.400000 ,0.300000 ,2.292217},
{2.400000 ,0.600000 ,1.752661},
{2.400000 ,0.900000 ,1.123894},
{2.400000 ,1.200000 ,0.605587},
{2.400000 ,1.500000 ,0.274672},
{2.400000 ,1.800000 ,0.105020},
{2.400000 ,2.100000 ,0.033885},
{2.400000 ,2.400000 ,0.009232},
{2.400000 ,2.700000 ,0.002124},
{2.400000 ,3.000000 ,0.000412},
{2.700000 ,-3.000000 ,0.000099},
{2.700000 ,-2.700000 ,0.000579},
{2.700000 ,-2.400000 ,0.002798},
{2.700000 ,-2.100000 ,0.011168},
{2.700000 ,-1.800000 ,0.036883},
{2.700000 ,-1.500000 ,0.100984},
{2.700000 ,-1.200000 ,0.229566},
{2.700000 ,-0.900000 ,0.433884},
{2.700000 ,-0.600000 ,0.682620},
{2.700000 ,-0.300000 ,0.895009},
{2.700000 ,0.000000 ,0.979069},
{2.700000 ,0.300000 ,0.894594},
{2.700000 ,0.600000 ,0.683528},
{2.700000 ,0.900000 ,0.437211},
{2.700000 ,1.200000 ,0.234373},
{2.700000 ,1.500000 ,0.105404},
{2.700000 ,1.800000 ,0.039806},
{2.700000 ,2.100000 ,0.012634},
{2.700000 ,2.400000 ,0.003372},
{2.700000 ,2.700000 ,0.000757},
{2.700000 ,3.000000 ,0.000143},
{3.000000 ,-3.000000 ,0.000033},
{3.000000 ,-2.700000 ,0.000189},
{3.000000 ,-2.400000 ,0.000893},
{3.000000 ,-2.100000 ,0.003513},
{3.000000 ,-1.800000 ,0.011480},
{3.000000 ,-1.500000 ,0.031208},
{3.000000 ,-1.200000 ,0.070617},
{3.000000 ,-0.900000 ,0.133106},
{3.000000 ,-0.600000 ,0.209141},
{3.000000 ,-0.300000 ,0.274112},
{3.000000 ,0.000000 ,0.299886},
{3.000000 ,0.300000 ,0.274038},
{3.000000 ,0.600000 ,0.209306},
{3.000000 ,0.900000 ,0.133708},
{3.000000 ,1.200000 ,0.071486},
{3.000000 ,1.500000 ,0.032008},
{3.000000 ,1.800000 ,0.012009},
{3.000000 ,2.100000 ,0.003778},
{3.000000 ,2.400000 ,0.000997},
{3.000000 ,2.700000 ,0.000221},
{3.000000 ,3.000000 ,0.000041}
};
private slots:
void on_pushButton_clicked();
void on_pushButton_2_clicked();
private:
Ui::MainWindow *ui;
};
#endif // MAINWINDOW_H
cpp代码
groupBox = new Q3DSurface;
groupBox->axisX()->setTitle("X轴");
groupBox->axisY()->setTitle("Y轴");
groupBox->axisZ()->setTitle("Z轴");
groupBox->axisY()->setRange(-8,8);
//将三维图与数据进行绑定
QSurfaceDataProxy * proxy = new QSurfaceDataProxy;
series = new QSurface3DSeries(proxy);
groupBox->addSeries(series);
//将三维图在组中显示，布局如果需要的话，在添加一个 #include <QBoxLayout>
QVBoxLayout* vLayout = new QVBoxLayout();
vLayout->addWidget(createWindowContainer(groupBox));
ui->widget->setLayout(vLayout);
dataArray = new QSurfaceDataArray;
dataArray->clear();
QLinearGradient gr;
gr.setColorAt(0.0, Qt::darkGreen);
gr.setColorAt(0.5, Qt::yellow);
gr.setColorAt(0.8, Qt::red);
gr.setColorAt(1.0, Qt::darkRed);
groupBox->seriesList().at(0)->setBaseGradient(gr);
groupBox->seriesList().at(0)->setColorStyle(Q3DTheme::ColorStyleRangeGradient);
// 整个数据有442个，我取了420个，分为22x20，就22行,20列，
int NN = 21;//设置行
//放上边会卡死，不道为啥
groupBox->axisX()->setRange(-3.5,3.5);
groupBox->axisZ()->setRange(-3.5,3.5);
dataArray->reserve(NN);
for(int i = 0;i <= NN;i++){
QSurfaceDataRow *newRow = new QSurfaceDataRow(20);
int index = 0;
// 19是列
for(int j=0;j<=19;j++){
(*newRow)[index++].setPosition(QVector3D(points[j+i*NN][0],points[j+i*NN][2],points[j+i*NN][1]));
}
*dataArray<<newRow;
}
series->dataProxy()->resetArray(dataArray);
结果展示。
4.8三维样式美化
样式就可以直接拿这个拷一下，三维图看着会好看一些，我代码其他地方还在调，就不让我自己的图，样式就和这个差不多，这个图是QT里面的例子，代码也是从里面拿的。
// h表
// 下面是处理 content_img_h
content_img_h = new Q3DSurface;
// 设置阴影的，之前没有这个，没有出图时是有阴影的
content_img_h->setShadowQuality(QAbstract3DGraph::ShadowQualitySoftMedium);
// 主题相关
content_img_h->activeTheme()->setBackgroundEnabled(false);
content_img_h->activeTheme()->setFont(QFont("Times New Roman", 60));
content_img_h->activeTheme()->setLabelBackgroundEnabled(true);
content_img_h->axisY()->setTitle("无量纲膜厚");
// content_img_h->axisY()->setSegmentCount(4);
// content_img_h->axisY()->setSubSegmentCount(3);
// content_img_h->axisY()->setRange(-20.0f, 20.0f);
content_img_h->axisY()->setAutoAdjustRange(true); //自动调整y轴范围
content_img_h->axisY()->setLabelFormat(QString(QStringLiteral("%.3f ") + ""));
content_img_h->axisY()->setLabelAutoRotation(30.0f);
content_img_h->axisY()->setTitleVisible(true); //显示y轴标题
content_img_h->axisY()->setTitleFixed(true); //固定y轴标题位置
content_img_h->axisX()->setTitle("周向");
content_img_h->axisX()->setLabelAutoRotation(30.0f);
content_img_h->axisX()->setTitleVisible(true);
content_img_h->axisX()->setLabelFormat(QString(QStringLiteral("%.0f ")));
content_img_h->axisZ()->setTitle("轴向");
content_img_h->axisZ()->setLabelAutoRotation(30.0f);
content_img_h->axisZ()->setTitleVisible(true);
content_img_h->axisZ()->setLabelFormat(QString(QStringLiteral("%.0f ")));
content_img_h->scene()->activeCamera()->setCameraPosition(-45.0f, 0.0f,0.0f);
content_img_h->scene()->activeCamera()->setZoomLevel(80);
4.9多次绘制三维图，程序闪退问题
多次绘制三维图程序闪退主要是因为这块代码，官方例子里面也是这样写的，里面每次都new一个newRow对象，如果数据量大的话，就是堆内存就不够了。
dataArray->reserve(NN);
for (int i = 1; i <= NN; i++)
{
QSurfaceDataRow *newRow = new QSurfaceDataRow(NN);
int index = 0;
for (int j = 1; j <= NN; j++)
{
(*newRow)[index++].setPosition(QVector3D(i, out_h[i][j], j));
}
*dataArray << newRow;
}
我一开始是想着直接在下面delete newRow，然后会发现图就什么数据都没有了，因为dataArry中存放的就是newRow的地址，如果释放的话，数据就丢了。dataArry中存的不是地址，而是数据地址的位置，所以不能直接释放
dataArray->reserve(NN);
for (int i = 1; i <= NN; i++)
{
QSurfaceDataRow *newRow = new QSurfaceDataRow(NN);
int index = 0;
for (int j = 1; j <= NN; j++)
{
(*newRow)[index++].setPosition(QVector3D(i, out_h[i][j], j));
}
*dataArray << newRow;
delete newRow;
}
然后我是在更新完后做的，释放但是会闪退，我觉着可能是因为series->dataProxy()->resetArray(dataArray);是一个异步处理，在处理时候有一部分内存已经被释放了，所以就闪退了。
dataArray->reserve(NN);
for (int i = 1; i <= NN; i++)
{
QSurfaceDataRow *newRow = new QSurfaceDataRow(NN);
int index = 0;
for (int j = 1; j <= NN; j++)
{
(*newRow)[index++].setPosition(QVector3D(i, out_h[i][j], j));
}
*dataArray << newRow;
}
// 更新数据
series->dataProxy()->resetArray(dataArray);
for (int i = 0; i < dataArray->size(); i++) {
delete dataArray->at(i);
}
解决办法就，每次写数据前，把上次的释放就可以了
// 释放之前申请的内存
for (int i = 0; i < dataArray->size(); i++) {
delete dataArray->at(i);
}
// 清空保存的地址
dataArray->clear();
content_img->axisY()->setRange(min - min * 0.01, max + max * 0.01);
content_img->axisX()->setRange(0, N + 1 + 1);
content_img->axisZ()->setRange(0, N + 1 + 1);
// 按行列填数据
int NN = N + 1;
dataArray->reserve(NN);
for (int i = 1; i <= NN; i++)
{
QSurfaceDataRow *newRow = new QSurfaceDataRow(NN);
int index = 0;
for (int j = 1; j <= NN; j++)
{
(*newRow)[index++].setPosition(QVector3D(i, out_h[i][j], j));
}
*dataArray << newRow;
}
// 更新数据
series->dataProxy()->resetArray(dataArray);
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