paramiko模块使用

一、paramiko模块的介绍

​ SSH协议基于python的实现 ，会返回标准输入、标准输出、标准错误输出三个值

​ 作用：

​ 1、执行远程命令

​ 2、文件上传、下载

​ 安装模块

​ > pip install paramiko

一、执行远程命令

import paramiko

def exeCMD():
    # 创建ssh客户端工具
    ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()
    # 设置丢失主机密钥的策略为自动添加
    ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy)
    # 连接服务器
    ssh_client.connect(hostname="192.168.183.10", port=22, username="root", password="redhat")

    # 远程执行命令, 返回三个特殊文件; 依次是标准输入、标准输出、标准错误输出
    stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh_client.exec_command("df -hT")
    print(stdout.read().decode("utf-8"))

    ssh_client.close()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    exeCMD()

示例: 批量执行命令

import paramiko
import sys
import pymysql
import hashlib
import getpass

# 连接数据库，获取服务器信息
def getServerInfo():
    try:
        dbconn = pymysql.connect(host="172.31.2.252",user="admin", password="redhat", database="testdb")
    except Exception as e:
        print("数据库连接失败")
        print(e)
        sys.exit()
    cr = dbconn.cursor()

    query_all_server_sql = "select * from servers"
    result = cr.execute(query_all_server_sql)
    if result != 0:
        all_server = cr.fetchall()
        return all_server

    cr.close()
    dbconn.close()


# 连接服务器执行命令，输出结果
def exeCMD(ip, user, pwd, cmd, port=22):
    ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()
    ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy)

    try:
        ssh_client.connect(hostname=ip, username=user, password=pwd, port=port)
    except Exception as e:
        print("创建ssh连接失败，检查认证信息")
        print(e)
        sys.exit()

    stdin,stdout,stderr = ssh_client.exec_command(cmd)
    print(stdout.read().decode("utf-8"))

    ssh_client.close()

# 使用md5算法加密算法
def encryptPWD(password):
    md5 = hashlib.md5()
    md5.update(password.encode("utf-8"))
    return md5.hexdigest()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    all_server = getServerInfo()
    cmd = input("命令: ").strip()
    for server_id, server_ip, server_user, server_pwd, server_ssh_port in all_server:
        print("服务器'%s'执行'%s'命令" % (server_ip, cmd))
        password = getpass.getpass("密码: ")
        password_encrypt = encryptPWD(password=password)
        if password_encrypt == server_pwd:
            exeCMD(ip=server_ip, user=server_user, pwd=password, port=server_ssh_port, cmd=cmd)
        else:
            print("密码错误")

二、文件上传、下载

import paramiko

def fileOP():
    # 创建ssh连接
    sshconn = paramiko.Transport(("192.168.183.10", 22))
    sshconn.connect(username="root", password="redhat")
    # 基于ssh连接创建ftp客户端
    ftpclient = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(sshconn)
    # 下载文件
    # ftpclient.get("/etc/fstab", r"E:\project01\files\fstab")
    # 上传文件
    ftpclient.put(r"E:\project01\files\test_new.sql", "/tmp/test_new.sql")

    ftpclient.close()
    sshconn.close()

示例：批量上传文件

import paramiko
import sys
import hashlib
import os
from util.exeCMDBySSH import getServerInfo

# 获取本地文件的MD5校验码
def getLocalFileMD5(file_name):
    md5 = hashlib.md5()
    with open(file_name, mode="rb") as fobj:
        while True:
            data = fobj.read(4096)
            if data:
                md5.update(data)
            else:
                break
    return md5.hexdigest().strip()


# 获取指定服务器上的指定文件的MD5校验码
def getRemoteFileMD5(ip, user, pwd, file_name, port=22):
    sshclient = paramiko.SSHClient()
    sshclient.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy)
    try:
        sshclient.connect(hostname=ip, username=user, password=pwd, port=port)
    except Exception as e:
        print("ssh连接建立失败")
        print(e)
        sys.exit()
    get_md5_cmd = "md5sum %s | awk '{print $1}'" % file_name
    stdin, stdout,stderr = sshclient.exec_command(get_md5_cmd)
    return stdout.read().decode("utf-8").strip()

    sshclient.close()


# 向指定的服务器上传指定的文件   # source_file: E:\project01\files\test01.sql,  dest_dir: /etc
def uploadFile(ip, user, pwd, source_file, dest_dir, port=22):
    # 获取服务器上目的文件名称
    if dest_dir.endswith("/"):
        dest_file_name = dest_dir + os.path.basename(source_file)
    else:
        dest_file_name = dest_dir + "/" + os.path.basename(source_file)

    # 创建ssh连接
    try:
        sshconn = paramiko.Transport((ip, port))
    except Exception as e:
        print("ssh连接建立失败, 检查地址、端口是否正确")
        print(e)
        sys.exit()

    # 进行用户认证
    try:
        sshconn.connect(username=user, password=pwd)
    except Exception as e:
        print("ssh连接建立失败，检查用户名、密码")
        print(e)
        sys.exit()

    ftpclient = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(sshconn)
    ftpclient.put(source_file, dest_file_name)

    ftpclient.close()
    sshconn.close()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    all_server = getServerInfo()
    source_file = input("源文件: ")
    dest_dir = input("服务器目录: ")
    
    if os.path.exists(source_file):

        # 获取源文件的校验码
        source_file_md5 = getLocalFileMD5(source_file)
    
        for server_id, server_ip, server_user, server_pwd, server_port in all_server:
            uploadFile(ip=server_ip, user=server_user, pwd=server_pwd, port=int(server_port), source_file=source_file, dest_dir=dest_dir)
            # 获取上传到服务器上的文件名称
            dest_file_name = dest_dir + "/" + os.path.basename(source_file)
            remote_file_md5 = getRemoteFileMD5(ip=server_ip, user=server_user, pwd=server_pwd, port=server_port, file_name=dest_file_name)
    
            print("源文件'%s'的校验码: %s" % (source_file, source_file_md5))
            print("服务器'%s'上的'%s'文件的校验码: %s" % (server_ip, dest_file_name, remote_file_md5))
    
            if source_file_md5 == remote_file_md5:
                print("上传成功")
            else:
                print("上传失败")
              print("----" * 10)