一对多的自关联和hibernate多对多的底层原理

玉姬

于 2019-09-04 00:24:23 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45243895/article/details/100530680

版权

在这里插入图片描述
数据库中不能直接映射多对多
如何处理：创建一个桥接表(中间表)，将一个多对多关系转换成两个一对多

注1：数据库多表联接查询
永远就是二个表的联接查询
注2：交叉连接
注3：外连接：left(左)/right(右)/full(左右)
主从表：连接条件不成立时，主表记录永远保留，与null匹配

一对多的自关联

bernate_sys_tree_node表结构
在这里插入图片描述
**封装类TreeNode **

package com.zxp.four.entity;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

public class TreeNode {
	private Integer nodeId;
	private String nodeName;
	private Integer treeNodeType;
	private Integer position;
	private String url;
	private TreeNode parent;
	private Set<TreeNode> children = new HashSet<TreeNode>();
	private Integer initChildren = 0;

	public Integer getNodeId() {
		return nodeId;
	}

	public void setNodeId(Integer nodeId) {
		this.nodeId = nodeId;
	}

	public String getNodeName() {
		return nodeName;
	}

	public void setNodeName(String nodeName) {
		this.nodeName = nodeName;
	}

	public Integer getTreeNodeType() {
		return treeNodeType;
	}

	public void setTreeNodeType(Integer treeNodeType) {
		this.treeNodeType = treeNodeType;
	}

	public Integer getPosition() {
		return position;
	}

	public void setPosition(Integer position) {
		this.position = position;
	}

	public String getUrl() {
		return url;
	}

	public void setUrl(String url) {
		this.url = url;
	}

	public TreeNode getParent() {
		return parent;
	}

	public void setParent(TreeNode parent) {
		this.parent = parent;
	}

	public Set<TreeNode> getChildren() {
		return children;
	}

	public void setChildren(Set<TreeNode> children) {
		this.children = children;
	}

	public Integer getInitChildren() {
		return initChildren;
	}

	public void setInitChildren(Integer initChildren) {
		this.initChildren = initChildren;
	}

//	@Override
//	public String toString() {
//		return "TreeNode [nodeId=" + nodeId + ", nodeName=" + nodeName + ", treeNodeType=" + treeNodeType
//				+ ", position=" + position + ", url=" + url + ", children=" + children + "]";
//	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "TreeNode [nodeId=" + nodeId + ", nodeName=" + nodeName + ", treeNodeType=" + treeNodeType
				+ ", position=" + position + ", url=" + url + "]";
	}
	

}

映射文件TreeNode.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<!--   -->
	<class name="com.zxp.four.entity.TreeNode" table="t_hibernate_sys_tree_node">
		<id name="nodeId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="tree_node_id">
			<generator class="increment" />
		</id>
		<property name="nodeName" type="java.lang.String"
			column="tree_node_name">
		</property>
		<property name="treeNodeType" type="java.lang.Integer"
			column="tree_node_type">
		</property>
		<property name="position" type="java.lang.Integer"
			column="position">
		</property>
		<property name="url" type="java.lang.String"
			column="url">
		</property>
		
		<many-to-one name="parent" class="com.zxp.four.entity.TreeNode" column="parent_node_id"/>
		
		<set name="children" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
			<key column="parent_node_id"></key>
			<one-to-many class="com.zxp.four.entity.TreeNode"/>
		</set>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

配置核心文件

<!-- 一对多的自关联 -->
 		<mapping resource="com/zxp/four/entity/TreeNode.hbm.xml" />

Dao方法

package com.zxp.four.dao;

import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;

import com.zxp.four.entity.TreeNode;
import com.zxp.two.util.SessionFactoryUtils;


public class TreeNodeDao {
	public TreeNode load(TreeNode treeNode) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		TreeNode t = session.load(TreeNode.class, treeNode.getNodeId());
		if(t != null && new Integer(1).equals(treeNode.getInitChildren())) {
			Hibernate.initialize(t.getChildren());
			Hibernate.initialize(t.getParent());
		}
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return t;
	}
}

测试方法

package com.zxp.four.dao;

import org.junit.Test;

import com.zxp.four.entity.TreeNode;



public class TreeNodeDaoTest {
	private TreeNodeDao treeNodeDao = new TreeNodeDao();

//	@Before
//	public void setUp() throws Exception {
//	}
//
//	@After
//	public void tearDown() throws Exception {
//	}
	/**
	 * 注意：
	 * 1、这个会在vue后台有用途
	 * 2、它只能加载直系亲属（父节点以及子节点）
	 * 左侧栏只有两节
	 */
	@Test
	public void testLoad() {
		TreeNode treeNode = new TreeNode();
//		NodeId6 --》权限管理
		treeNode.setNodeId(6);
		treeNode.setInitChildren(1);
//		通过当前节点的到父节点
		TreeNode t = this.treeNodeDao.load(treeNode);
		System.out.println(t);
		System.out.println(t.getParent());
		System.out.println(t.getChildren());
	}

}

结果
在这里插入图片描述

hibernate多对多

实体类Book：

package com.zxp.four.entity;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

public class Book implements Serializable{
//	book_id int primary key auto_increment,
//	   book_name varchar(50) not null,
//	   price float not null
	private Integer bookId;
	private String bookName;
	private Float price;
	
	private Set<Category> categories = new HashSet<Category>();
	private Integer initCategories = 0;

	public Integer getInitCategories() {
		return initCategories;
	}

	public void setInitCategories(Integer initCategories) {
		this.initCategories = initCategories;
	}

	public Integer getBookId() {
		return bookId;
	}

	public void setBookId(Integer bookId) {
		this.bookId = bookId;
	}

	public String getBookName() {
		return bookName;
	}

	public void setBookName(String bookName) {
		this.bookName = bookName;
	}

	public Float getPrice() {
		return price;
	}

	public void setPrice(Float price) {
		this.price = price;
	}

	public Set<Category> getCategories() {
		return categories;
	}

	public void setCategories(Set<Category> categories) {
		this.categories = categories;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Book [bookId=" + bookId + ", bookName=" + bookName + ", price=" + price + "]";
	}

	public Book(Integer bookId, String bookName) {
		super();
		this.bookId = bookId;
		this.bookName = bookName;
	}

	public Book() {
		super();
	}
	
	
}

实体类Category ：

package com.zxp.four.entity;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

public class Category implements Serializable{
//	category_id int primary key auto_increment,
//	   category_name varchar(50) not null
	private Integer categoryId;
	private String categoryName;
	private Set<Book> books = new HashSet<Book>();
	public Integer getCategoryId() {
		return categoryId;
	}
	public void setCategoryId(Integer categoryId) {
		this.categoryId = categoryId;
	}
	public String getCategoryName() {
		return categoryName;
	}
	public void setCategoryName(String categoryName) {
		this.categoryName = categoryName;
	}
	public Set<Book> getBooks() {
		return books;
	}
	public void setBooks(Set<Book> books) {
		this.books = books;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Category [categoryId=" + categoryId + ", categoryName=" + categoryName + "]";
	}
	
}

映射文件book.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.zxp.four.entity.Book" table="t_hibernate_book">
		<!-- <cache usage="read-only" region="com.zking.five.entity.Book"/> -->
		<id name="bookId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="book_id">
			<generator class="increment" />
		</id>
		<property name="bookName" type="java.lang.String"
			column="book_name">
		</property>
		<property name="price" type="java.lang.Float"
			column="price">
		</property>
		<!-- set标签：
		table：指的是中间表
		name：指的是实体类中的关联属性
		cascade：级联新增以及级联修改
	    inverse：中间表的数据维护交给那个实体类来控制，inverse的字面意思是反方，默认inverse=true，那也意味着，默认有对面控制来控制中间表数据的维护
	    key标签：
	    column：当前映射类对应的表的主键，在中间表的外键
	    many-to-many标签
	    column:当前映射类对应的表的主键，在中间表的外键
	    class:当前映射类关联属性对应的类的全路径名
	    
		 -->
		<set table="t_hibernate_book_category" name="categories" cascade="save-update" inverse="false">
			<!-- one -->
			<key column="bid"></key>
			<!-- many -->
			<many-to-many column="cid" class="com.zxp.four.entity.Category"></many-to-many>
		</set>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

映射文件category.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.zxp.four.entity.Category" table="t_hibernate_category">
		<id name="categoryId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="category_id">
			<generator class="increment" />
		</id>
		<property name="categoryName" type="java.lang.String"
			column="category_name">
		</property>
		<!--  -->
		<set table="t_hibernate_book_category" name="books" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
			<key column="cid"></key>
			<many-to-many column="bid" class="com.zxp.four.entity.Book"></many-to-many>
		</set>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

dao方法

package com.zxp.four.dao;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;

import com.zxp.four.entity.Category;
import com.zxp.four.entity.Book;
import com.zxp.two.util.SessionFactoryUtils;



public class BookDao{
	public Integer addBook(Book book) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Integer bid = (Integer) session.save(book);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return bid;
	}
	
	public Integer addCategory(Category category) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Integer cid = (Integer) session.save(category);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return cid;
	}
	
	public Category getCategory(Category category) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Category c = session.get(Category.class, category.getCategoryId());
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return c;
	}
	
	public Book getBook(Book book) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Book b = session.get(Book.class, book.getBookId());
		if (b != null && new Integer(1).equals(book.getInitCategories())) {
			Hibernate.initialize(b.getCategories());
		}
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return b;
	}
	
	public void delBook(Book book) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		session.delete(book);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	public void delCategory(Category category) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Category c = session.get(Category.class, category.getCategoryId());
		if(c!=null) {
			for (Book b : c.getBooks()) {
//				通过在被控方通过主控方来解除关联关系，最后被控方再做删除
				b.getCategories().remove(c);
			}
		}
		session.delete(c);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	
	
}

测试类

package com.zxp.four.dao;

import org.junit.Test;

import com.zxp.four.entity.Book;
import com.zxp.four.entity.Category;

public class BookDaoTest {
	private BookDao bookDao = new BookDao();

	@Test
	public void testGetBook() {
		Book book = new Book();
		book.setBookId(8);
		book.setInitCategories(1);
		Book b = this.bookDao.getBook(book );
		System.out.println(b.getBookName());
		System.out.println(b.getCategories());
	}
	
	/**
	 * book.hbm.xml	inverse=fasle
	 * category.hbm.xml inverse=true
	 * 数据添加正常
	 * 书籍表、桥接表各新增一条数据
	 */
	@Test
	public void test1() {
		Book book = new Book();
		book.setBookName("zxp");
		book.setPrice(10f);
		Category category = new Category();
		category.setCategoryId(5);
//		直接将category对象加入到新建的book中是错误的，因为此时的category是临时态的，hibernate是不会管理的
//		book.getCategories().add(category);
		Category c = this.bookDao.getCategory(category);
		
//		c.getBooks().add(book);
		book.getCategories().add(c);
		this.bookDao.addBook(book);
	}

	/**
	 * book.hbm.xml	inverse=true
	 * category.hbm.xml inverse=true
	 * 只增加书籍表数据
	 * 桥接表不加数据
	 * 原因：双方都没有去维护关系
	 */
	@Test
	public void test2() {
		Book book = new Book();
		book.setBookName("c");
		book.setPrice(10f);
		Category category = new Category();
		category.setCategoryId(5);
		Category c = this.bookDao.getCategory(category);
		
		book.getCategories().add(c);
		this.bookDao.addBook(book);
//		c.getBooks().add(book);
	}
	
	
}

测试testGetBook
在这里插入图片描述
成功得到了书名和其对应的类别后，接着测试test1和test2，并且改变inverse的值
通过测试上面的方法，改变配置文件中inverse的值，我们可以得知：
1.book维护方
book.hbm.xml inverse=fasle
category.hbm.xml inverse=true
数据添加正常因为这里book是负责维护的一方
书籍表、中间表各新增一条数据
2.category维护
book.hbm.xml inverse=true
category.hbm.xml inverse=false
书籍表数据添加正常中间表添加失败
因为这里category是负责维护的一方，但是实际应该是book进行维护
3.双方都不维护
book.hbm.xml inverse=true
category.hbm.xml inverse=true
只增加书籍表数据中间表添加失败
原因：双方都没有去维护关系
底层原理

hibernate中多对多的底层原理：
				1、建模得到sessionfactory工厂
				2、sessionfactory中包含两个多对多关系映射文件，
				那么就可以通过流加载那两个映射文件，
				这里以	"com/zxp/four/entity/category.hbm.xml"为例，
				加载完后可以对其建模
				3、可以拿到"com/zxp/four/entity/category.hbm.xml" 以及表t_hibernate_category
				通过t_hibernate_category以及下列的column列段可以动态生成sql语句
				select category_id,category_name from t_hibernate_category where category_id=?(假设 5)
				那么可以查询到结果 5 a1
				反射实例化：
				Category c = Class.forName("com/zxp/four/entity/category.hbm.xml")
				Field categoryNameField = c.getClass().getDecafiedld("categoryName")
				categoryNameField.setAccessable(true);打开权限
				categoryNameField.set(c,"a1");
				同理可以设置属性：
				categoryNameField.set(c,5);
				那也就意味着当前c实例中所有属性值已经赋值完毕
				
				4、同样对此文件com/zxp/four/entity/category.hbm.xml建模可以得到
				中间表 t_hibernate_book_category
				以及关联属性的全路径名com.zxp.four.entity.Book
				自然形成一个sql语句：
				select bid,cid from t_hibernate_book_category where cid=?(假设 5)
				查询结果：5	17	5
					  	6	20	5
						……
				select * from t_hibernate_book where book_id in (17,20...)		
				BaseDao.executeQuery（sql，Class clz，pagebean）	
				List<book> books = BaseDao.executeQuery（sql，Book.class，null）		
				
				5、给关联属性赋值
				 c.setBooks(books)

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一对多的自关联和hibernate多对多的底层原理

数据库中不能直接映射多对多如何处理：创建一个桥接表(中间表)，将一个多对多关系转换成两个一对多注1：数据库多表联接查询永远就是二个表的联接查询注2：交叉连接注3：外连接：left(左)/right(右)/full(左右)主从表：连接条件不成立时，主表记录永远保留，与null匹配一对多的自关联bernate_sys_tree_node表结构**封装类TreeNode **pac...
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