JUC学习：多线程的创建

1.继承Thread类

        通过继承Thread类并重写run方法实现创建线程

public class ThreadDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyThread2 myThread2 = new MyThread2();
        myThread2.start();
    }
}

class MyThread2 extends Thread {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("say Hello!");
    }
}

2.实现Runnable接口

public class RunnableDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread thread = new Thread(new MyThread3());
        thread.start();
    }
}

class MyThread3 implements Runnable {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("Runnable !!");
    }
}

3.实现Callable接口

        通过实现Callable接口的方法创建线程，可获取线程的返回值。

        该方法可以创建异步有返回值的多线程。Thread类支持Runnable的构造不支持Callable的构造，因此无法直接new Thread()创建，需要配合使用FutureTask（Future的实现类），它拥有Callable的构造方法，FutureTask又实现了Runnable接口，根据Java多态的特性将其放入Thread的构造中就间接使用了Callable。

public class CallableDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        FutureTask<String> futureTask = new FutureTask<>(new MyThread4());
        Thread thread = new Thread(futureTask);
        thread.start();
        //get()是阻塞的
        System.out.println(futureTask.get());
    }
}

class MyThread4 implements Callable<String> {
    @Override
    public String call() throws Exception {
        return "Callable !!";
    }
}

4.使用线程池创建线程

        这种情况用的比较多，初始化线程池后，用的时候直接拿，用完再放回去，很方便。

public class FutureTaskDemo { 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        //获取单例的线程池
        ThreadPoolExecutor threadPool = MyThreadPool.getInstance();
        //线程池创建线程
        FutureTask<String> futureTask = new FutureTask<>(new MyThread());
        threadPool.execute(futureTask);
        System.out.println(futureTask.get());
    }
}

class MyThread implements Callable<String> {
    @Override
    public String call() throws Exception {
        return "say hello.";
    }
}

//线程池的初始化（单例模式）
class MyThreadPool {
    private MyThreadPool() {}
    
    public static final ThreadPoolExecutor threadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
            5,
            10,
            10000,
            TimeUnit.SECONDS,
            new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(5),
            Thread::new,
            new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy()
    );
    public static ThreadPoolExecutor getInstance() {
        return threadPool;
    }
}