使用Optional容器类可以有效的防止npe,同时也可以用链式调用代替多重if/else判断,推荐使用,下面结合两个小例子说明它的具体应用场景:
/**
* @Auther: Shen_hs
* @Date: 2021/4/20
* @Description:当给前端返回Result结果集时,通过User是否为空返回两种不同的结果
*/
public class Demo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
User user = new User("shen", "123");
// User user = null;
Optional<User> userOptional = Optional.ofNullable(user);
Result<User> userResult = userOptional.map(u -> new Result<>("0", "ok", u))
.orElse(new Result<>("1", "error"));
System.out.println(userResult);
}
}
//====================================
/**
* @Auther: Shen_hs
* @Date: 2021/4/20
* @Description:模拟后端路由,根据不同的条件跳转到不同的页面
*/
public class Demo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//模拟登录跳转
String to = "main1";
//链式调用
Optional<String> LoginOptional = Optional.ofNullable(to);
String page = LoginOptional.filter(t -> t.equals("") || t.equals("main"))
.map(String::toString)
.orElseGet(() -> "login");
System.out.println(page);
}
}
策略模式的应用:结合spring模拟真实业务场景,提高代码扩展性,如何优雅的编码等。
/**
* 业务抽象层
*/
public interface SmsService {
void sendSms(); //发送短信
SmsType smsType(); //获取发送方式
/**
* 阿里云、云通讯 两种
*/
enum SmsType {
ALIYUN,YTX
}
}
//==========================
/**
* @Auther: Shen_hs
* @Date: 2021/4/20
* @Description:阿里云短信服务
*/
@Service
public class AliyunSmsServiceImpl implements SmsService {
@Override
public void sendSms() {
System.out.println(">阿里云短信服务<");
}
@Override
public SmsType smsType() {
return SmsType.ALIYUN;
}
}
/**
* @Auther: Shen_hs
* @Date: 2021/4/20
* @Description:云通讯短信服务
*/
@Service
public class YTXSmsServiceImpl implements SmsService {
@Override
public void sendSms() {
System.out.println(">云通讯短信服务<");
}
@Override
public SmsType smsType() {
return SmsType.YTX;
}
}
//===============================
/**
* @Auther: Shen_hs
* @Date: 2021/4/20
* @Description: sms决策类 用来决策使用哪种发短信的方式
*/
@Component
public class SmsSelector implements ApplicationContextAware{
private Map<SmsService.SmsType,SmsService> chooseMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); //用来存放Sms类型和具体服务类
private ApplicationContext applicationContext; //获取容器对象
@Override
public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
}
/**
* 决策方法
* @param smsType sms业务类型
* @return 具体业务服务实现类
*/
public SmsService choose(SmsService.SmsType smsType){
return chooseMap.get(smsType);
}
@PostConstruct //初始化bean的时候调用 <bean id="",init-method=""> 想当于调用init方法
public void initSmsServiceMap(){
//获取所有实现类
Map<String, SmsService> beanMap = applicationContext.getBeansOfType(SmsService.class);
beanMap.forEach((k,v) -> chooseMap.put(v.smsType(),v));
}
}
//======================================
/**
* @Auther: Shen_hs
* @Date: 2021/4/20
* @Description:配置包扫描路径 配置类
*/
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.shs.service")
public class SmsConfig {
}
//========================================
/**
* @Auther: Shen_hs
* @Date: 2021/4/20 16:25
* @Description:测试类
*/
public class SmsServiceTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SmsConfig.class);
SmsSelector selector = applicationContext.getBean(SmsSelector.class);//获取决策者
SmsService service1 = selector.choose(SmsService.SmsType.ALIYUN); //选择阿里云发送的策略
SmsService service2 = selector.choose(SmsService.SmsType.YTX); //选择云通讯的策略
service1.sendSms();
service2.sendSms();
}
}
//OUTPUT
/*
>阿里云短信服务<
>云通讯短信服务<*/