详解枚举类

一、枚举类的基本介绍
1.类的对象只有有限个，确定的。我们称此类为枚举类
2.当需要定义一组常量时，强烈建议使用枚举类。
3.如果枚举类中只有一个对象，则可以作为单例模式的实现方式。

二、如何自定义枚举类
1.方式一：jdk5.0之前，自定义枚举类
（1）

public class SeasonTest {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Season spring=Season.SPRING;
        System.out.println(spring);

    }
}

//自定义枚举类
class Season{
    //1.声明Season对象的属性：private final修饰
    private final String name;
    private final String seasonDesc;

    //2.私有化类的构造器，并给对象属性赋值
    private Season(String name,String seasonDesc){
        this.name=name;
        this.seasonDesc=seasonDesc;
    }

    //3.提供当前枚举类的多个对象：public static final
    public static final Season SPRING=new Season("春天","春暖花开");
    public static final Season SUMMER=new Season("夏天","夏日绵绵");
    public static final Season AUTUMN=new Season("秋天","秋高气爽");
    public static final Season WINTER=new Season("冬天","冰天雪地");

    //4.其它诉求1：获取枚举类对象的属性
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public String getSeasonDesc() {
        return seasonDesc;
    }
    //4其它诉求2：提供toString()

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Season{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

三.方式二：jdk5.0，可以使用enum关键字定义枚举类

public class SeasonTest {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Season spring=Season.SPRING;
        System.out.println(spring);
        System.out.println(Season.class.getSuperclass());//说明定义的枚举类继承于class java.lang.Enum


    }
}
//使用enum关键字定义枚举类
enum Season{
    //1.提供当前枚举类的多个对象，多个对象之间用","隔开，末尾对象";"结束
    SPRING("春天","春暖花开"),
    SUMMER("夏天","夏日绵绵"),
    AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"),
    WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地");

    //1.声明Season对象的属性：private final修饰
    private final String name;
    private final String seasonDesc;

    //2.私有化类的构造器，并给对象属性赋值
    private Season(String name,String seasonDesc){
        this.name=name;
        this.seasonDesc=seasonDesc;
    }

    //4.其它诉求1：获取枚举类对象的属性
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public String getSeasonDesc() {
        return seasonDesc;
    }
    //4其它诉求2：提供toString()

//    @Override
//    public String toString() {
//        return "Season{" +
//                "name='" + name + '\'' +
//                ", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\'' +
//                '}';
//    }
}

四、Enum类的主要方法

public class SeasonTest {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Season spring=Season.SPRING;
        //toString()
        System.out.println(spring.toString());
//        System.out.println(Season.class.getSuperclass());//说明定义的枚举类继承于class java.lang.Enum

        //values()
        Season[] values=Season.values();
        for (int i=0;i<values.length;i++){
            System.out.println(values[i]);
        }

//        Thread.State[] values1=Thread.State.values();
//        for (int i=0;i<values1.length;i++){
//            System.out.println(values1);
//        }

        //valueOf(String objName)：返回枚举类中对象名是objName的对象
        //如果没有objName的枚举类对象，则抛异常
        Season winter=Season.valueOf("WINTER");
        System.out.println(winter);
    }
}

//使用enum关键字定义枚举类
enum Season{
    //1.提供当前枚举类的多个对象，多个对象之间用","隔开，末尾对象";"结束
    SPRING("春天","春暖花开"),
    SUMMER("夏天","夏日绵绵"),
    AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"),
    WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地");

    //1.声明Season对象的属性：private final修饰
    private final String name;
    private final String seasonDesc;

    //2.私有化类的构造器，并给对象属性赋值
    private Season(String name,String seasonDesc){
        this.name=name;
        this.seasonDesc=seasonDesc;
    }

    //4.其它诉求1：获取枚举类对象的属性
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public String getSeasonDesc() {
        return seasonDesc;
    }
    //4其它诉求2：提供toString()

//    @Override
//    public String toString() {
//        return "Season{" +
//                "name='" + name + '\'' +
//                ", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\'' +
//                '}';
//    }
}

五、使用enum关键字定义的枚举类实现接口
1.情况一：实现接口，在enum类中实现抽象方法

public class SeasonTest {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Season spring=Season.SPRING;
        spring.show();   
    }
}

interface Info{
    void show();
}

//使用enum关键字定义枚举类
enum Season implements Info {
    //1.提供当前枚举类的多个对象，多个对象之间用","隔开，末尾对象";"结束
    SPRING("春天","春暖花开"),
    SUMMER("夏天","夏日绵绵"),
    AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"),
    WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地");

    //1.声明Season对象的属性：private final修饰
    private final String name;
    private final String seasonDesc;

    //2.私有化类的构造器，并给对象属性赋值
    private Season(String name,String seasonDesc){
        this.name=name;
        this.seasonDesc=seasonDesc;
    }

    //4.其它诉求1：获取枚举类对象的属性
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public String getSeasonDesc() {
        return seasonDesc;
    }

    @Override
    public void show() {
        System.out.println("这是一个季节");
    }
}

2.情况二：让枚举类的对象分别实现接口中的抽象方法。

public class SeasonTest {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Season spring=Season.SPRING;
        spring.show();
        
}

interface Info{
    void show();
}

//使用enum关键字定义枚举类
enum Season implements Info {
    //1.提供当前枚举类的多个对象，多个对象之间用","隔开，末尾对象";"结束
    SPRING("春天","春暖花开"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("111");
        }
    },
    SUMMER("夏天","夏日绵绵"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("222");
        }
    },
    AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("333");
        }
    },
    WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("444");
        }
    };

    //1.声明Season对象的属性：private final修饰
    private final String name;
    private final String seasonDesc;

    //2.私有化类的构造器，并给对象属性赋值
    private Season(String name,String seasonDesc){
        this.name=name;
        this.seasonDesc=seasonDesc;
    }

    //4.其它诉求1：获取枚举类对象的属性
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public String getSeasonDesc() {
        return seasonDesc;
    }
}