C++多线程编程学习笔记2

C++多线程编程学习笔记

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <string>
#include <memory> // 智能指针使用
#include <mutex> // 互斥锁使用
#include <windows.h> // Sleep使用
#include <string>
#include <queue>
#include <condition_variable> 
#include <functional>
class ThreadPool {
public:
	ThreadPool(int numThreads) : stop(false) {
		for (int i = 0; i < numThreads; i++) {
			threads.emplace_back([this] {
				while (1) {
					std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
					condition.wait(lock, [this] {
						return !tasks.empty() || stop;
						});
					if (stop && tasks.empty()) {
						return;
					}
					std::function<void()> task(std::move(tasks.front()));
					tasks.pop();
					lock.unlock(); // 因为每个任务没有共享数据，所以下面一行不用lock()
					task(); // 把任务放进队列i中并执行任务
				}
				});
		}
	}
	~ThreadPool() {
		{
			std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
			stop = true;
		}
		condition.notify_all();
		for (auto& t : threads) {
			t.join();
		}
	}
	template<class F, class... Args> // 支持多参数函数
	void enqueue(F &&f, Args&&... args) {
		std::function<void()>task =
			std::bind(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		{
			std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
			tasks.emplace(std::move(task));
		}
		condition.notify_one();
	}
private:
	std::vector<std::thread> threads;
	std::queue<std::function<void()>> tasks;
	std::mutex mtx;
	std::condition_variable condition;
	bool stop;
};

int main() 
{
	ThreadPool pool(4);
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
		pool.enqueue([i] {
			std::cout << "task: " << i << "is running" << std::endl;
			std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
			std::cout << "task: " << i << "is done" << std::endl;
			});
	}
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

执行结果：

task: 0is running
task: 1task: 3is running
task: 2is running
is running
请按任意键继续. . . task: 3is done
task: 2is done
task: task: 4task: 1is done
task: 6is running
5is running
task: 0is running
is done
task: 7is running
task: 5task: 7is done
task: 4is done
task: 8is running
task: is done
6is done
task: 9is running
task: 9is done
task: 8is done

打印的结果乱，是因为不同线程竞争资源