PAT1028 人口普查 (20分)

正确答案：

#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
#define N 100000
struct people{
	char name[6];
	int year;
	int month;
	int day;
}person[N];
bool ifeffitive(people a)
{
/*	cout<<(a.year<2014||(a.year==2014&&a.month<9)||(a.year==2014&&a.month==9&&a.day<=6))&&\
		(a.year>1814||(a.year==1814&&a.month>9)||(a.year==1814&&a.month==9&&a.day>=6));
	cout<<endl;
	*/
	return (a.year<2014||(a.year==2014&&a.month<9)||(a.year==2014&&a.month==9&&a.day<=6))\
		&&(a.year>1814||(a.year==1814&&a.month>9)||(a.year==1814&&a.month==9&&a.day>=6));
}
bool compare(people a,people b)
{
	if(a.year!=b.year)
		return a.year<b.year;
	if(a.month!=b.month)
		return a.month<b.month;
	return a.day<b.day;
}
int main()
{
	int n;
	cin>>n;
	int i;
	people old,young;
	old.year=2014;old.month=9;old.day=6;
	young.year=1814;young.month=9;young.day=6;
	int num=0;
	for(i=0;i<n;i++)
	{
		cin>>person[i].name;
		char ch;
		cin>>person[i].year;
		ch=getchar();
		cin>>person[i].month;
		ch=getchar();
		cin>>person[i].day;
		if(ifeffitive(person[i]))
		{
			num++;
			if(compare(person[i],old))
				old=person[i];
			if(!compare(person[i],young))
				young=person[i];
		}	
	}
	if(num==0)
		cout<<0<<endl;
	else
	cout<<num<<" "<<old.name<<" "<<young.name<<endl;
	return 0;
}

错误示例

#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
#define N 100000
struct people{
	char name[6];
	int year;
	int month;
	int day;
}person[N];
bool ifeffitive(people a)
{
/*	cout<<(a.year<2014||(a.year==2014&&a.month<9)||(a.year==2014&&a.month==9&&a.day<=6))&&\
		(a.year>1814||(a.year==1814&&a.month>9)||(a.year==1814&&a.month==9&&a.day>=6));
	cout<<endl;
	*/
	return (a.year<2014||(a.year==2014&&a.month<9)||(a.year==2014&&a.month==9&&a.day<=6))\
		&&(a.year>1814||(a.year==1814&&a.month>9)||(a.year==1814&&a.month==9&&a.day>=6));
}
bool compare(people a,people b)
{
	if(a.year!=b.year)
		return a.year<b.year;
	if(a.month!=b.month)
		return a.month<b.month;
	return a.day<b.day;
}
int main()
{
	int n;
	cin>>n;
	int i;
	int old=0,young=0;
	int num=0;
	for(i=0;i<n;i++)
	{
		cin>>person[i].name;
		char ch;
		cin>>person[i].year;
		ch=getchar();
		cin>>person[i].month;
		ch=getchar();
		cin>>person[i].day;
		if(ifeffitive(person[i]))
		{
			num++;
			if(compare(person[i],person[old]))
				old=i;
			if(!compare(person[i],person[young]))
				young=i;
		}	
	}
	if(num==0)
		cout<<0<<endl;
	else
	cout<<num<<" "<<person[old].name<<" "<<person[young].name<<endl;
	return 0;
}

错误在于 int old=0，young=0
初始化年龄最大和年龄最小的人的下标为0
但是person[0]不一定是有效的，即ifeffitive==true不一定成立，所以这里不能把person[0]为初始化

注意事项：
cout<<(a.year<2014||(a.year2014&&a.month<9)||(a.year2014&&a.month9&&a.day<=6))&&
(a.year>1814||(a.year1814&&a.month>9)||(a.year1814&&a.month9&&a.day>=6));
只会输出前半部分的结果，即cout<<(a.year<2014||(a.year2014&&a.month<9)||(a.year2014&&a.month9&&a.day<=6))；
如果想要输出整个判断式的结果，需要在整个判断式外加一个括号：
cout<<((a.year<2014||(a.year2014&&a.month<9)||(a.year2014&&a.month9&&a.day<=6))&&
(a.year>1814||(a.year1814&&a.month>9)||(a.year1814&&a.month==9&&a.day>=6)));