SpringMVC
SSM: mybatis +Spring + SpringMVC MVC三层架构
回顾MVC:
什么是MVC
- MVC是模型(Model)、视图(View)、控制器(Controller)的简写,是一种软件设计规范。
- 是将业务逻辑、数据、显示分离的方法来组织代码。
- MVC主要作用是降低了视图与业务逻辑间的双向耦合。
- MVC不是一种设计模式,MVC是一种架构模式。当然不同的MVC存在差异。
Model(模型):数据模型,提供要展示的数据,因此包含数据和行为,可以认为是领域模型或JavaBean组件(包含数据和行为),不过现在一般都分离开来:Value Object(数据Dao)和服务层(行为Service)。也就是模型提供了模型数据查询和模型数据的状态更新等功能,包括数据和业务。
View(视图):负责进行模型的展示,一般就是我们见到用户界面,客户想看到的东西。
Controller(控制器):接收用户请求,委托给模型进行处理(状态改变),处理完毕后吧返回的模型数据返回给视图,由视图负责展示。也就是说控制器做了个调度员的工作。
最经典的MVC就是JSP + servlet + javabean的模式。
回顾Servlet:
Maven坐标:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>SpringMvc</artifactId>
<groupId>com.panghl</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>springmvc-01-servlet</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
servlet:
package com.panghl.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @Author panghl
* @Date 2021/3/21 20:41
* @Description TODO
**/
//@WebService(name = "/hello")
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.获取前端参数
String method = req.getParameter("method");
if (method.equals("add")){
req.getSession().setAttribute("msg","执行了add方法");
}
if (method.equals("delete")){
req.getSession().setAttribute("msg","执行了delete方法");
}
//2.调用业务层
//3.视图转发或者重定向
req.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp").forward(req,resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(req, resp);
}
}
form.jsp:
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: phl04
Date: 2021/3/21
Time: 20:47
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/hello" method="post">
<input type="text" name="method" />
<input type="submit"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
test.jsp:
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: phl04
Date: 2021/3/21
Time: 20:45
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
test.jsp
${msg}
</body>
</html>
web.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.panghl.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<session-config>
<session-timeout>15</session-timeout>
</session-config>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
配置好tomcat 测试!
我们为什么要学习SpringMVC呢?
Spring MVC的特点:
1、轻量级,简单易学
2、高效,基于请求响应的MVC框架
3、与Spring兼容性好,无缝结合
4、约定由于配置
5、功能强大:RESTful、数据验证、格式化、本地化、主题等
6、简洁灵活
Spring的web框架围绕DispatcherServlet[调度Servlet]设计。
DispatcherServlet的作用是将请求分发到不同的处理器。从Spring 2.5开始,使用Java 5 或者以上版本的用户可以采用基于注解形式开发,十分简洁;
HelloMvc:
web.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--1.注册DispatcherServlet-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--关联一个springmvc的配置文件:[servlet-name] - servlet.xml-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--启动级别-1 -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!--/ 匹配所有的请求: (不包括.jsp)-->
<!--/* 匹配所有的请求: (包括.jsp)-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
spring-servlet.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean>
<!--视图解析器:DispatcherServlet给他的ModelAndView-->
<bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!--前缀-->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<!--后缀-->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!--Handler-->
<bean id="/hello" class="com.panghl.controller.HelloController"/>
</beans>
HelloController:
package com.panghl.controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* @Author panghl
* @Date 2021/3/21 21:32
* @Description TODO
**/
//注意:这里我们先导入Controller接口
public class HelloController implements Controller {
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
//ModelAndView 模型和视图
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
//封装对象,放在ModelAndView中。Model
mv.addObject("msg", "HelloSpringMVC!");
//封装要跳转的视图,放在ModelAndView中
mv.setViewName("hello"); //: /WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp
return mv;
}
}
测试:
可能遇到的问题:访问出现404,排查步骤:
1.查看控制台输出,看一下是不是缺少了什么jar包
2.如果jar包存在,显示无法输出,就在IDEA的项目发布中,添加lib依赖!
3.重启Tomcat即可解决!
小结:看这个估计大部分同学能理解其中的原理了,但是我们实际开发才不会这么写,不然就疯了,还学和这个玩意干嘛!我们来看个注解版实现,这才是SpringMVC的精髓,到底有多么简单,看个图就知道了。
SpringMvc执行流程:
使用注解开发SpringMVC
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
spring-mvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
">
<!--自动扫描包,让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.panghl.controller"/>
<!--让Spring MVC不处理静态资源 .css .js .html .mp3 .mp4-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!--
支持mvc注解驱动
在spring中一般采用@RequestMapping注解来完成映射关系
要想使@RequestMapping注解生效
必须向上下文中注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping
和一个AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter实例
这两个实例分别在类级别和方法级别处理
而annotation-driven配置帮助我们自动完成上述两个实例的注入。
-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!--视图解析器: 模板引擎Thymeleaf Freemarker-->
<bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
controller:
package com.panghl.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
/**
* @Author panghl
* @Date 2021/3/22 23:01
* @Description TODO
**/
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/h1")
public String hello(Model model){
//封装数据
model.addAttribute("msg","hello,Springmvc");
return "test"; //会被视图解析器处理
}
}
启动tomcat----》测试
RESTFul 风格
概念
Restful就是一个资源定位及资源操作的风格。不是标准也不是协议,只是一种风格。基于这个风格设计的软件可以更简洁,更有层次,更易于实现缓存等机制。
功能
- 资源:互联网所有的事物都可以被抽象为资源
- 资源操作:使用POST、DELETE、PUT、GET ,使用不同方法对资源进行操作。
- 分别对应 :添加、删除、修改、查询
传统方式操作资源: 通过不同的参数来实现不同的效果!方法单一,post和get
-
http://127.0.0.1/item/queryItem.action?id=1 查询,Get
-
http://127.0.0.1/item/saveItem.action 新增,POST
-
http://127.0.0.1/item/updateItem.action 更新,POST
-
http://127.0.0.1/item/deleteItem.action?id=1 删除,GET或POST
使用Restful操作资源:可以通过不同的请求方式来实现不同的效果!如下:请求地址一样,但是功能可以不同!
-
http://127.0.0.1/item/1 查询,Get
-
http://127.0.0.1/item 新增,POST
-
http://127.0.0.1/item 更新,PUT
-
http://127.0.0.1/item/1 删除,Delete
测试
package com.panghl.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
/**
* @Author panghl
* @Date 2021/3/28 22:42
* @Description TODO
**/
@Controller
public class RestFulController {
//原来的: http://localhost:8080/add?a=1&b=2
//RestFul: http://localhost:8080/add/1/2
@RequestMapping("/add/{a}/{b}")
public String test1(@PathVariable int a,@PathVariable int b, Model model){
int res = a+b;
model.addAttribute("msg",res);
return "test";
}
}
思考:使用路径变量的好处?
- 使路径变得更加简洁;
- 获得参数更加方便,框架会自动进行类型转换,高效;
- 通过路径变量的类型可以约束访问参数。如果类型不一样,则访问不到对应的请求方法,如这里访问是的路径是/commit/1/a,则路径与方法不匹配,而不是参数类型转换失败。
ModelAndView
设置ModelAndView对象,根据view的名称,和视图解析器跳到指定的页面。
页面:{视图解析器前缀}+viewName+{视图解析器后缀}
<!--视图解析器: 模板引擎Thymeleaf Freemarker-->
<bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
ServletAPI
通过设置ServletAPI,不需要视图解析器。
1.通过HttpServletResponse进行输出
2.通过HttpServletResponse实现重定向
3.通过HttpServletResponse实现转发
package com.panghl.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @Author panghl
* @Date 2021/3/28 23:10
* @Description TODO
**/
@Controller
public class ModelTest1 {
@RequestMapping("/m1/t1")
public String test(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
System.out.println(session.getId());
return "test";
}
@RequestMapping("/m1/t2")
public void test2(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
System.out.println("请求转发"+session.getId());
request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp").forward(request,response);
}
@RequestMapping("/t3")
public void test3(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
System.out.println("重定向"+session.getId());
response.sendRedirect("index.jsp");
}
}
SpringMVC
通过SpringMVC来实现转发和重定向-无需视图解析器
测试前,需要将视图解析器注释掉!
package com.panghl.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @Author panghl
* @Date 2021/3/28 23:10
* @Description 没有配置视图解析器
**/
@Controller
public class ModelTest2 {
/**
* 没有配置视图解析器 需要全路径
* @param model
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/m2/t1")
public String test1(Model model){
model.addAttribute("msg","ModelTest2");
return "/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp";
}
/**
* 重定向
* @param model
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/m2/t2")
public String test2(Model model){
model.addAttribute("msg","ModelTest2");
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}
}
通过SpringMVC来实现转发和重定向-有视图解析器
重定向,不需要视图解析器,本质就是重新请求一个新地方,所以注意路径问题。
package com.panghl.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
/**
* @Author panghl
* @Date 2021/3/28 23:10
* @Description 没有配置视图解析器
**/
@Controller
public class ModelTest3 {
/**
* 没有配置视图解析器 需要全路径
* @param model
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/m3/t1")
public String test1(Model model){
model.addAttribute("msg","ModelTest2");
return "test";
}
/**
* 重定向
* @param model
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/m3/t2")
public String test2(Model model){
model.addAttribute("msg","ModelTest2");
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}
}
乱码问题
<!--配置编码过滤器-->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
JSON
- JSON(JavaScript Object Notation,JS对象标记) 是一种轻量级的数据交换格式,目前使用特别广泛。
- 采用完全独立于编程语言的文本格式来存储和表示数据
- 简介和清晰的层次结构使得JSON称为利息的数据交互语言
- 易于人阅读和编写,同时也易于及其解析和生成,并有效地提升网络传输效率。
在JavaScript语言汇总,一切都是对象。因此,任何JavaScript 支持的类型都可以通过JSON来表示,例如字符串、数字、对象、数组等。看看他的要求和语法格式:
- 对象表示为键值对,数据由逗号分隔
- 花括号保存对象
- 方括号保存数组
JSON键值对 是用来保存JavaScript对象的一种方式,和JavaScript对象的写法也大同小异,键/值对组合中的键名写在前面并用双引号""包裹,使用冒号:分离,然后进阶着值:
{"name": "Panghl"}
{"age": 2}
var jsonObj1 = JSON.parse(data); //使用JSON.parse() 将JSON字符串转为JS对象;
JS对象转JSON :Object.toJSONString()
JSON转JS对象:String.parseJSON()
Controller返回JSON数据
- Jackson应该是目前比较好的json解析工具了
- 当然工具不止这一个,比如还有阿里巴巴的fastjson等等
- 我们这里使用Jackson,使用它需要导入它的jar包
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.9.8</version>
</dependency>
Jackson
controller:
package com.panghl.controller;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;
import com.panghl.pojo.User;
import com.panghl.utils.JsonUtils;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* @Author panghl
* @Date 2021/3/29 0:12
* @Description TODO
**/
//@Controller
@RestController
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping(value = "j1", produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8")
//@ResponseBody //它就不会走视图解析器 会直接返回一个字符串
public String json1() throws JsonProcessingException {
//jackson ,ObjectMapper
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
//创建一个对象
User user = new User(1, "panghl", 1);
return JsonUtils.getJson(user);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "j2")
public String j2() throws JsonProcessingException {
//jackson ,ObjectMapper
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
//不使用时间戳的方式
mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS, false);
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat();
mapper.setDateFormat(sdf);
Date date = new Date();
// String format = sdf.format(date);
//ObjectMapper,时间解析后的默认格式为:Timestamp 时间戳
return mapper.writeValueAsString(date);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "j3")
public String j3() throws JsonProcessingException {
//ObjectMapper,时间解析后的默认格式为:Timestamp 时间戳
return JsonUtils.getJson(new Date(),"yyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
}
}
抽取工具类:
package com.panghl.utils;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
/**
* @Author panghl
* @Date 2021/3/29 0:29
* @Description TODO
**/
public class JsonUtils {
public static String getJson(Object object) throws JsonProcessingException {
return getJson(object,"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
}
public static String getJson(Object object,String sdf) throws JsonProcessingException {
//jackson ,ObjectMapper
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
//不使用时间戳的方式
mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS, false);
SimpleDateFormat sdf1 = new SimpleDateFormat(sdf);
mapper.setDateFormat(sdf1);
return mapper.writeValueAsString(object);
}
}
还有另一种解决乱码的办法:
<!--JSON乱码问题配置-->
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<constructor-arg value="UTF-8"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
<property name="objectMapper">
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
<property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
fastjson
fastjson三个主要的类
- 【JSONObject代表json对象】
- JSONObject实现Map接口,猜想JSONObject底层操作是由Map实现的。
- JSONObject对应json对象,通过各种形式的get()方法可以获取json对象中的数据,也可利用诸如size(),isEmpty()等方法获取"键:值"对的个数来判断是否为空。其本质是通过实现Map接口并调用接口中的方法完成的。
- 【JSONArray代表json对象数组】
- 内部是有List接口中的方法来完成操作的
- 【JSON代表JSONObject和JSONArray的转化】
- JSON类源码分析与使用
- 自习观察这些方法,主要实现json对象,json对象数组,javabean对象,json字符串之间的相互转换
代码测试:
package com.panghl.controller;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;
import com.panghl.pojo.User;
import com.panghl.utils.JsonUtils;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import sun.nio.cs.US_ASCII;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* @Author panghl
* @Date 2021/3/29 0:12
* @Description TODO
**/
//@Controller
@RestController
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping(value = "j1", produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8")
//@ResponseBody //它就不会走视图解析器 会直接返回一个字符串
public String json1() throws JsonProcessingException {
//jackson ,ObjectMapper
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
//创建一个对象
User user = new User(1, "panghl", 1);
return JsonUtils.getJson(user);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "j2")
public String j2() throws JsonProcessingException {
//jackson ,ObjectMapper
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
//不使用时间戳的方式
mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS, false);
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat();
mapper.setDateFormat(sdf);
Date date = new Date();
// String format = sdf.format(date);
//ObjectMapper,时间解析后的默认格式为:Timestamp 时间戳
return mapper.writeValueAsString(date);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "j3")
public String j3() throws JsonProcessingException {
//ObjectMapper,时间解析后的默认格式为:Timestamp 时间戳
return JsonUtils.getJson(new Date(),"yyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
}
@RequestMapping(value = "j4")
//@ResponseBody //它就不会走视图解析器 会直接返回一个字符串
public String j4() throws JsonProcessingException {
//创建一个对象
User user = new User(1, "panghl", 1);
return JSON.toJSONString(user);
}
}
Ajax技术
简介
- AJAX=Asynchronous JavaScript XML (异步的JavaScript和XML)
- AJAX是一种在无需重新加载整个网页的情况下,能够更新部分网页的技术。
- Ajax不是一种新的编程语言,而是一种用于创建更好更快以及交互性更强的Web程序的技能。
代码示例:
package com.panghl.controller;
import com.panghl.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @Author panghl
* @Date 2021/3/30 22:14
* @Description TODO
**/
@RestController
public class AjaxController {
@RequestMapping("/t1")
public String test(){
return "hello";
}
@RequestMapping("/a1")
public void a1(String name, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
System.out.println("a1:param=>"+name);
if ("panghl".equals(name)){
response.getWriter().print("true");
}else {
response.getWriter().print("false");
}
}
@RequestMapping("/getUsers")
public List<User> getUsers() throws IOException {
List<User> userList = new ArrayList<>();
userList.add(new User("panghl2",1,"男"));
userList.add(new User("panghl3",1,"男"));
userList.add(new User("panghl4",1,"男"));
userList.add(new User("panghl5",1,"男"));
userList.add(new User("panghl6",1,"男"));
return userList;
}
@RequestMapping("/a3")
public String a3(String name,String pwd) throws IOException {
String msg = "";
if (name!=null){
if ("admin".equals(name)){
msg="ok";
}else {
msg="用户名有误";
}
}
if (pwd!=null){
if ("123456".equals(pwd)){
msg="ok";
}else {
msg="密码有误";
}
}
return msg;
}
}
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: phl04
Date: 2021/3/30
Time: 22:12
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>$Title$</title>
<script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/statics/js/jquery-3.6.0.js"></script>
<script>
function a() {
$.post({
url: "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/a1",
data: {"name": $("#username").val()},
success: function (res,status) {
console.log(res);
console.log(status);
}
})
$.get({
url: "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/getUsers",
data: {},
success: function (res,status) {
console.log(res);
console.log(status);
}
})
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<%--失去焦点的时候,发起一个请求到后台--%>
用户名: <input type="text" id="username" onblur="a()">
</body>
</html>
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: phl04
Date: 2021/3/30
Time: 23:20
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
<script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/statics/js/jquery-3.6.0.js"></script>
<script>
function a1() {
$.post({
url: "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/a3",
data: {"name": $("#name").val()},
success: function (res,status) {
console.log(res);
console.log(status);
}
})
}
function a2() {
$.post({
url: "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/a3",
data: {"pwd": $("#pwd").val()},
success: function (res,status) {
console.log(res);
console.log(status);
}
})
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<p>
用户名: <input type="text" id="name" onblur="a1()">
</p>
<p>
密码: <input type="text" id="pwd" onblur="a2()">
<span id="pwdInfo"></span>
</p>
</body>
</html>
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: phl04
Date: 2021/3/30
Time: 22:12
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>$Title$</title>
<script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/statics/js/jquery-3.6.0.js"></script>
<script>
$(function () {
$("#btn").click(function () {
$.get({
url: "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/getUsers",
data: {},
success: function (res, status) {
var html = "";
for (let i =0;i<res.length;i++){
html+="<tr>"+
"<td>"+res[i].name+"</td>"+
"<td>"+res[i].age+"</td>"+
"<td>"+res[i].sex+"</td>"+
"<tr>"
}
$("#content").html(html);
}
})
})
})
</script>
</head>
<body>
<input type="submit" value="加载数据" id="btn">
<table>
<tr>
<td>姓名</td>
<td>年龄</td>
<td>性别</td>
</tr>
<tbody id="content">
<%--数据:后台--%>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>
SpringMVC拦截器
概述
SpringMVC的处理器拦截器类似于Servlet开发中的过滤器Filter,用于处理器进行预处理和后处理。开发者可以自己定义一些拦截器来实现特点的功能。
过滤器与拦截器的区别:拦截器是AOP思想的具体应用
过滤器
- servlet规范中的一部分,任何java web工程都可以使用
- 在url-pattern中配置了/*之后,可以对所有要访问的资源进行拦截
拦截器
- 拦截器是SpringMVC框架自己的,只有使用了SpringMVC框架的工程才能使用
- 拦截器只会拦截访问的控制器方法,如果访问的是jsp/html/css/image/js是不会进行拦截的。
自定义拦截器
那如何实现拦截器呢?
想要自定义拦截器,必须实现HandlerInterceptor接口
编写一个拦截器:
package com.panghl.config;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
/**
* @Author panghl
* @Date 2021/3/30 23:38
* @Description TODO
**/
public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
//return true; 执行下一个拦截器,放行
//return false; 不执行下一个拦截器
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("===========处理前============");
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
//放行:判断什么情况下登录
//登录页面也会放行
if (request.getRequestURI().contains("Login")) {
return true;
}
//登录方法也放行
if (request.getRequestURI().contains("login")) {
return true;
}
//第一次登陆,也是没有session的
if (session.getAttribute("userLoginInfo") != null) {
return true;
}
//判断什么情况下没有登录
request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/login.jsp").forward(request, response);
return false;
}
//日志
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("===========处理后============");
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("===========清理============");
}
}
在applicationContext.xml中注册
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.panghl.controller"/>
<!--静态资源过滤-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!--视图解析器: 模板引擎Thymeleaf Freemarker-->
<bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!--JSON乱码问题配置-->
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<constructor-arg value="UTF-8"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
<property name="objectMapper">
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
<property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
<!--拦截器配置-->
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<!--包括这个请求下面的所有请求-->
<mvc:mapping path="/user/**"/>
<bean id="myInterceptor" class="com.panghl.config.MyInterceptor">
</bean>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
</beans>
LoginController
package com.panghl.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
/**
* @Author panghl
* @Date 2021/3/30 23:48
* @Description TODO
**/
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class LoginController {
@RequestMapping("/main")
public String main() {
return "main";
}
@RequestMapping("/goLogin")
public String goLogin() {
return "login";
}
@RequestMapping("/login")
public String login(HttpSession session, String name, String pwd, Model model) {
//吧用户的信息存入session中
session.setAttribute("userLoginInfo", name);
model.addAttribute("msg",name);
return "main";
}
@RequestMapping("/goOut")
public String goOut(HttpSession session) {
//吧用户的信息清除
// session.invalidate();
session.removeAttribute("userLoginInfo");
return "main";
}
}
index.jsp
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: phl04
Date: 2021/3/30
Time: 23:36
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>$Title$</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/goLogin">登录页面</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/main">首页</a>
</h1>
</body>
</html>
login.jsp
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: phl04
Date: 2021/3/30
Time: 23:46
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>登录</title>
</head>
<body>
<%--在WEB-INF下的所有页面或者资源,只能通过controller,或者servlet进行访问--%>
<h1>登录页面</h1>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/login" method="post">
用户名: <input type="text" id="name" name="name">
密码: <input type="text" id="pwd" name="pwd" >
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>
main.jsp
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: phl04
Date: 2021/3/30
Time: 23:45
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>首页</h1>
<h2>${msg}</h2>
</body>
</html>
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
文件上传-下载
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--配置编码过滤器-->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
Spring-mvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.panghl.controller"/>
<!-- <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>-->
<!-- <mvc:annotation-driven/>-->
<!--视图解析器: 模板引擎Thymeleaf Freemarker-->
<bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!--JSON乱码问题配置-->
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<constructor-arg value="UTF-8"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
<property name="objectMapper">
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
<property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
<!--文件上传配置-->
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<!--请求的编码格式,必须和jsp的pageEncoding属性一致,以便读取表单的内容,默认为ISO-8859-1-->
<property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8"/>
<!--文件上传大小限制,单位为字节(10485760=10M)-->
<property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760"/>
<property name="maxInMemorySize" value="40960"/>
</bean>
</beans>
FileController.class
package com.panghl.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartFile;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
/**
* @Author panghl
* @Date 2021/3/29 23:45
* @Description TODO
**/
@RestController
public class FileController {
@RequestMapping("/upload")
public String upload(@RequestParam("file")CommonsMultipartFile file, HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
//获取文件名
String originalFilename = file.getOriginalFilename();
//如果文件名为空,直接返回首页!
if ("".equals(originalFilename)){
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}
System.out.println("上传文件名: =>"+originalFilename);
//上传路径保存设置
String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
//如果路径不存在,创建一个
File realPath = new File(path);
if (!realPath.exists()){
realPath.mkdir();
}
System.out.println("上传文件保存地址: "+realPath);
InputStream is = file.getInputStream(); //文件输入流
OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(new File(realPath,originalFilename)); //文件输出流
//读取写出
int len = 0;
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
os.flush();
}
os.close();
is.close();
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}
@RequestMapping("/upload2")
public String upload2(@RequestParam("file")CommonsMultipartFile file, HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
//获取文件名
String originalFilename = file.getOriginalFilename();
//如果文件名为空,直接返回首页!
if ("".equals(originalFilename)){
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}
System.out.println("上传文件名: =>"+originalFilename);
//上传路径保存设置
String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
//如果路径不存在,创建一个
File realPath = new File(path);
if (!realPath.exists()){
realPath.mkdir();
}
System.out.println("上传文件保存地址: "+realPath);
//通过CommonsMultipartFile的方法直接写文件(注意这个时候)
file.transferTo(new File(realPath+"/"+originalFilename));
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}
@RequestMapping("download")
public String download(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws Exception{
//要下载的图片地址
String realPath = req.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
String fileName = "前台流程图.jpg";
//1.设置response响应头
resp.reset(); //设置页面不缓存,清空buffer
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setContentType("multipart/form-data"); //二进制传输数据
//设置响应头
resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition",
"attachment;fileName="+ URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8"));
File file = new File(realPath,fileName);
//2. 读取文件--输入流
InputStream input = new FileInputStream(file);
//3. 写出文件--输出流
OutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int index=0;
while ((index=input.read(buffer))!=-1){
outputStream.write(buffer,0,index);
outputStream.flush();
}
outputStream.close();
input.close();
return "下载成功";
}
}
index.jsp
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: phl04
Date: 2021/3/29
Time: 23:39
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>$Title$</title>
</head>
<body>
<form method="post" action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/upload" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" name="file"/>
<input type="submit" value="upload">
</form>
</body>
</html>