概念:
Stream是jdk8 API的成员, 它允许声明性方式处理数据集合。
特点:
(1)代码简洁:函数式编程写出的代码简洁且意图明确,使用stream接口告别for循环
(2)多核友好:Java函数式编程使得编写并行程序更简单, 你需要的全部就是调用一下方法。
流程:
(1) 第一步:把集合转换为stream
(2) 第二部:操作stream流
stream流在管道中经过中间操作(intermediate operation)处理,
最后由最终操作(terminal operation)得到前面处理的结果
Stream操作符:
两种操作符:中间操作符, 终止操作符。
--------------------------中间操作符-------------------------------
@Test
public void filter(){
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "", "bc", "efg", "abcd", "", "jkl");
List<String> f = strings.parallelStream().filter(str -> str.contains("f")).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(f);
}
@Test
public void limite(){
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "", "bc", "efg", "abcd", "", "jkl", "jkl");
List<String> collect = strings.stream().limit(3).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(collect);
}
@Test
public void skip(){
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "", "bc", "efg", "abcd", "", "jkl", "jkl");
List<String> collect = strings.stream().skip(3).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(collect);
}
map | 接受一个函数作为参数。这个函数会被应用到每个元素上。并将其映射成一个新的元素 |
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@Test
public void map(){
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "", "bc", "efg", "abcd", "", "jkl", "jkl");
List<String> collect = strings.stream().map(str -> str.concat("_这是我加的后缀")).collect(Collectors.toList());
collect.forEach(System.out::println);
}
输出结果:
abc_这是我加的后缀
_这是我加的后缀
bc_这是我加的后缀
efg_这是我加的后缀
abcd_这是我加的后缀
_这是我加的后缀
jkl_这是我加的后缀
jkl_这是我加的后缀
List<String> collect = strings.stream().map(str -> "这是我加的前缀_"+str).collect(Collectors.toList());
输出结果:
这是我加的前缀_abc
这是我加的前缀_
这是我加的前缀_bc
这是我加的前缀_efg
这是我加的前缀_abcd
这是我加的前缀_
这是我加的前缀_jkl
这是我加的前缀_jkl
flatMap | 使用flatMap方法的效果是,各个数组并不是分别映射成流的内容, 而是映射成流的内容。所有使用map(Arrays::stream)时生成的单个流都被合并起来,既扁平化为一个流 大白话就是把多个Stream流转换为一个流 |
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@Test
public void flatMap(){
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "", "bc", "efg", "abcd", "", "jkl", "jkl");
List<Character> collect = strings.stream().flatMap(str -> heima.getCharacterByString(str)).collect(Collectors.toList());
collect.forEach(System.out::println);
}
public static Stream<Character> getCharacterByString(String str){
List<Character> characterList = new ArrayList<>();
for (Character character : str.toCharArray()) {
characterList.add(character);
}
return characterList.stream();
}
@Test
public void sorted(){
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("c", "f", "e", "p", "a", "b");
List<String> collect = strings.stream().sorted().collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(collect);
}
小结:
map:对流中每一个元素进行处理
flatMap:流扁平化,让你把一个流中的"每个值"都换成另一个流, 然后把所有的流连接起来成为一个流
总结:map是对一级元素进行操作, flatmap是对二级元素操作
-----------------------------终止符操作------------------------------
anyMatch | 检查是否至少匹配一个元素,返回Boolean |
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@Test
public void anyMatch(){
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "", "bc", "efg", "abcd", "", "jkl", "jkl");
boolean bc = strings.stream().anyMatch(s -> s.contains("bc"));
System.out.println(bc);
}
allMatch | 检查是否匹配所有元素,返回boolean |
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@Test
public void allMatch(){
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "bc", "efg", "abcd", "jkl", "jkl");
boolean bc = strings.stream().allMatch(s -> s.length()>0);
System.out.println(bc);
}
noteMatch | 检查是否没有匹配所有元素,返回值为boolean |
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@Test
public void noneMatch(){
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "bc", "efg", "abcd", "jkl", "jkl");
boolean bc = strings.stream().noneMatch(s -> s.length()>5);
System.out.println(bc);
}
@Test
public void findAny(){
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "bc", "efg", "abcd", "jkl", "jkl");
Optional<String> any = strings.parallelStream().findAny();
if (any.isPresent()) {
System.out.println(any.get());
}
}
@Test
public void findFirst(){
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "bc", "efg", "abcd", "jkl", "jkl");
Optional<String> any = strings.stream().findFirst();
if (any.isPresent()) {
System.out.println(any.get());
}
}
@Test
public void foreach(){
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "bc", "efg", "abcd", "jkl", "jkl");
strings.forEach(e->System.out.println(e));
strings.forEach(System.out::println);
}
@Test
public void collect(){
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "bc", "efg", "abcd", "jkl", "jkl");
Set<String> collect = strings.stream().collect(Collectors.toSet());
collect.forEach(System.out::println);
Map<String, String> collect1 = strings.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(v -> "key_"+v, v -> "value"+v, (oldvalue, newvalue) -> newvalue));
System.out.println(collect1);
}
reduce | 可以将流中元素反复结合起来, 得到一个值 |
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@Test
public void reduce(){
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "bc", "efg", "abcd", "jkl", "jkl");
Optional<String> reduce = strings.stream().reduce((acc, item) -> { return (acc + item).replace("a",""); });
if (reduce.isPresent()) {
System.out.println(reduce.get());
}
}
@Test
public void count(){
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "bc", "efg", "abcd", "jkl", "jkl");
long count = strings.stream().count();
System.out.println(count);
}
注 : 以上代码, 如果你是新手,建议跟着敲一遍,要不然理解的会很片面 !