PL/SQL基础(未完成，后续补充)

PL/SQL 块结构
声明部分，可执行命令部分，异常处理部分

DECLARE 
   <declarations section> 
BEGIN 
   <executable command(s)>
EXCEPTION 
   <exception handling> 
END;

PL/SQL允许块的嵌套

DECLARE 
   -- Global variables  
   num1 number := 95;  
   num2 number := 85;  
BEGIN  
   dbms_output.put_line('Outer Variable num1: ' || num1); 
   dbms_output.put_line('Outer Variable num2: ' || num2); 
   DECLARE  
      -- Local variables 
      num1 number := 195;  
      num2 number := 185;  
   BEGIN  
      dbms_output.put_line('Inner Variable num1: ' || num1); 
      dbms_output.put_line('Inner Variable num2: ' || num2); 
   END;  
END; 

建表 CREATE TABLE 表名

CREATE TABLE CUSTOMERS( 
   ID   INT NOT NULL, 
   NAME VARCHAR (20) NOT NULL, 
   AGE INT NOT NULL, 
   ADDRESS CHAR (25), 
   SALARY   DECIMAL (18, 2),        
   PRIMARY KEY (ID) 
);

插入数据 INSERT INTO 表名

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) 
VALUES (1, 'Ramesh', 32, 'Ahmedabad', 2000.00 );  

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) 
VALUES (2, 'Khilan', 25, 'Delhi', 1500.00 );  

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) 
VALUES (3, 'kaushik', 23, 'Kota', 2000.00 );

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) 
VALUES (4, 'Chaitali', 25, 'Mumbai', 6500.00 ); 

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) 
VALUES (5, 'Hardik', 27, 'Bhopal', 8500.00 );  

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) 
VALUES (6, 'Komal', 22, 'MP', 4500.00 );

SELECT INTO 将表中的值分配给PL/SQL变量

DECLARE 
   c_id customers.id%type := 1; 
   c_name customers.Name%type; 
   c_addr customers.address%type; 
   c_sal  customers.salary%type; 
BEGIN 
   SELECT name, address, salary INTO c_name, c_addr, c_sal 
   FROM customers 
   WHERE id = c_id;  
   dbms_output.put_line 
   ('Customer ' ||c_name || ' from ' || c_addr || ' earns ' || c_sal); 
END; 

IF-THEN-ELSE语句

DECLARE 
   a number(3) := 100; 
BEGIN 
   -- check the boolean condition using if statement  
   IF a < 20 THEN 
      -- if condition is true then print the following   
      dbms_output.put_line('a is less than 20'); 
   ELSE 
      dbms_output.put_line('a is not less than 20'); 
   END IF; 
   dbms_output.put_line('value of a is : ' || a); 
END; 

CASE语句

SET SERVEROUTPUT ON SIZE 1000000;
DECLARE 
   grade char(1) := 'A'; 
BEGIN 
   CASE grade 
      when 'A' then dbms_output.put_line('Excellent'); 
      when 'B' then dbms_output.put_line('Very good'); 
      when 'C' then dbms_output.put_line('Well done'); 
      when 'D' then dbms_output.put_line('You passed'); 
      when 'F' then dbms_output.put_line('Better try again'); 
      else dbms_output.put_line('No such grade'); 
   END CASE; 
END; 

或者case不写内容，在when中条件

CASE 
   WHEN selector = 'value1' THEN S1; 
   WHEN selector = 'value2' THEN S2; 
   WHEN selector = 'value3' THEN S3; 
   ... 
   ELSE Sn;  -- default case 
END CASE;

LOOP循环 exit WHEN

SET SERVEROUTPUT ON SIZE 1000000;
DECLARE 
   x number := 10; 
BEGIN 
   LOOP 
      dbms_output.put_line(x); 
      x := x + 10; 
      exit WHEN x > 50; 
   END LOOP; 
   -- after exit, control resumes here 
   dbms_output.put_line('After Exit x is: ' || x); 
END; 

LOOP循环 WHILE(条件)LOOP

DECLARE 
   a number(2) := 10; 
BEGIN 
   WHILE a < 20 LOOP 
      dbms_output.put_line('value of a: ' || a); 
      a := a + 1; 
   END LOOP; 
END; 

LOOP循环 FOR

DECLARE 
   a number(2); 
BEGIN 
   FOR a in 10 .. 20 LOOP 
      dbms_output.put_line('value of a: ' || a); 
  END LOOP; 
END; 

以上内容a从下限10迭代到上限20

SET SERVEROUTPUT ON SIZE 100000;
DECLARE 
   a number(2) ; 
BEGIN 
   FOR a IN REVERSE 10 .. 20 LOOP 
      dbms_output.put_line('value of a: ' || a); 
   END LOOP; 
END; 

REVERSE 反转。 以上内容a从上限20迭代到10

嵌套循环的小例子，求2到50之间的素数

DECLARE 
   i number(3); 
   j number(3); 
BEGIN 
   i := 2; 
   LOOP 
      j:= 2; 
      LOOP 
         exit WHEN ((mod(i, j) = 0) or (j = i)); 
         j := j +1; 
      END LOOP; 
   IF (j = i ) THEN 
      dbms_output.put_line(i || ' is prime'); 
   END IF; 
   i := i + 1; 
   exit WHEN i = 50; 
   END LOOP; 
END;