MyBatis07-(多对一、一对多)

项目结构图

环境搭建

1.创建数据库

CREATE TABLE `teacher` (
	`id` INT(10) NOT NULL,
	`name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
	PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

INSERT INTO teacher(`id`,`name`) VALUES (1,'李老师');

CREATE TABLE `student` (
	`id` INT(10) NOT NULL,
	`name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
	`tid` INT(10) DEFAULT NULL,
	PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
	KEY `fktid` (`tid`),
	CONSTRAINT `fktid` FOREIGN KEY (`tid`) REFERENCES `teacher` (`id`)
) ENGINE= INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

INSERT INTO student(`id`,`name`,`tid`) VALUES ('1','小明','1');
INSERT INTO student(`id`,`name`,`tid`) VALUES ('2','小张','1');
INSERT INTO student(`id`,`name`,`tid`) VALUES ('3','小李','1');
INSERT INTO student(`id`,`name`,`tid`) VALUES ('4','小红','1');
INSERT INTO student(`id`,`name`,`tid`) VALUES ('5','小王','1');

2.复制db.properties,mybatis-config.xml,MybatisUtils

3.创建实体类(使用Lombok插件，需要引入maven依赖)
Student

package com.codeyancy.pojo;
import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class Student {
    private int id;
    private String name;

    //学生需要关联一个老师
    private Teacher teacher;
}

Teacher

package com.codeyancy.pojo;

import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class Teacher {
    private int id;
    private String name;
}

4.编写实体类对应的Mapper接口 【两个】
StudentMapper

package com.codeyancy.dao;

import com.codeyancy.pojo.Student;

import java.util.List;

public interface StudentMapper {

}

TeacherMapper

package com.codeyancy.dao;

import com.codeyancy.pojo.Teacher;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;

public interface TeacherMapper {

}

5.编写Mapper接口对应的 mapper.xml配置文件 【两个】
StudentMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="com.codeyancy.dao.StudentMapper">

</mapper>

TeacherMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="com.codeyancy.dao.TeacherMapper">

</mapper>

6.修改mybatis-config.xml

    <mappers>
        <mapper resource="com/codeyancy/dao/TeacherMapper.xml "/>
        <mapper resource="com/codeyancy/dao/StudentMapper.xml " />
    </mappers>

环境搭建成功

多对一

多对一的理解：

• 多个学生对应一个老师
• 如果对于学生这边，就是一个多对一的现象，即从学生这边关联一个老师！

按查询嵌套处理 步骤（子查询）

1.编写StudentMapper

package com.codeyancy.dao;

import com.codeyancy.pojo.Student;

import java.util.List;

public interface StudentMapper {

    //查询所有的学生信息，以及对应的老师的信息
    public List<Student> getStudent();
}

2.编写StudentMapper.xml

    <!--
    思路：
    1.查询所有学生的信息
    2.根据查询出来的学生的tid,寻找对应的老师     子查询
    -->
    <select id="getStudent" resultMap="StudentTeacher">
        select * from mybatis.student;
    </select>
    
    <resultMap id="StudentTeacher" type="Student">
        <!--result只能针对单个属性-->
        <result property="id" column="id" />
        <result property="name" column="name" />
        <!--复杂的属性需要单独处理     对象：association  集合:collection-->
        <association property="teacher" column="tid" javaType="Teacher" select="getTeacher"/>
    </resultMap>

    <select id="getTeacher" resultType="Teacher">
        select * from mybatis.teacher where id = #{tid};
    </select>

3.MyTest进行测试

    @Test
    public void testStudent(){
        SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
        StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
        List<Student> studentList = mapper.getStudent();

        for (Student student : studentList) {
            System.out.println(student);
        }

        sqlSession.close();
    }

4.测试结果

按结果嵌套处理 步骤(连表查询)

1.编写StudentMapper

public List<Student> getStudent2();

2.编写StudentMapper.xml

    <!--按照结果嵌套处理-->
    <select id="getStudent2" resultMap="StudentTeacher2">
        select s.id sid,s.name sname,t.name tname
        from mybatis.student s,mybatis.teacher t
        where s.tid = t.id;
    </select>
    
    <resultMap id="StudentTeacher2" type="Student">
        <result property="id" column="sid"/>
        <result property="name" column="sname"/>
        <association property="teacher" javaType="Teacher">
            <result property="name" column="tname"/>
        </association>
    </resultMap>

3.MyTest进行测试

    @Test
    public void testStudent2(){
        SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
        StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
        List<Student> studentList = mapper.getStudent2();

        for (Student student : studentList) {
            System.out.println(student);
        }

        sqlSession.close();

    }

4.测试结果

一对多

一对多的理解：

• 一个老师拥有多个学生
• 如果对于老师这边，就是一个一对多的现象，即从一个老师下面拥有一群学生（集合）！

测试环境和以上相同，需要从新编写实体类

Student

package com.codeyancy.pojo;

import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class Student {
    private int id;
    private String name;

    private int tid;
}

Teacher

package com.codeyancy.pojo;

import lombok.Data;

import java.util.List;

@Data
public class Teacher {
    private int id;
    private String name;

    //一个老师要拥有多个学生
    private List<Student> students;
}

按结果嵌套处理 (推荐使用)

1. TeacherMapper接口编写方法

package com.codeyancy.dao;

import com.codeyancy.pojo.Teacher;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;

import java.util.List;

public interface TeacherMapper {

    //获取指定老师下的所有学生及老师的信息
    Teacher getTeacher(@Param("tid") int id);

}

2. 编写接口对应的Mapper配置文件(TeacherMapper.xml)

    <!--按照结果来嵌套查询-->
    <select id="getTeacher" resultMap="TeacherStudent">
        select s.id sid, s.name sname, t.name tname, t.id tid
        from student s,teacher t
        where s.tid = t.id and t.id = #{tid}
    </select>

    <resultMap id="TeacherStudent" type="Teacher">
        <result property="id" column="tid"/>
        <result property="name" column="tname" />
        <!--复杂的属性，我们需要单独处理  对象：association 集合：collection
        javaType="" 指定属性的类型
        集合中的泛型信息，用ofType获取
        -->
        <collection property="students" ofType="Student" >
            <result property="id" column="sid"/>
            <result property="name" column="sname"/>
            <result property="tid" column="tid" />
        </collection>
    </resultMap>

3. 测试（MyTest）

    @Test
    public void test(){
        SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();

        TeacherMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class);
        Teacher teacher = mapper.getTeacher(1);

            System.out.println(teacher);

        sqlSession.close();

    }

4.测试结果

按查询嵌套处理

1. TeacherMapper接口编写方法

Teacher getTeacher2(@Param("tid") int id);

2. 编写接口对应的Mapper配置文件(TeacherMapper.xml)

    <select id="getTeacher2" resultMap="TeacherStudent2">
        select * from mybatis.teacher where id = #{tid}
    </select>

    <resultMap id="TeacherStudent2" type="Teacher">
        <collection property="students" javaType="ArrayList" ofType="Student" select="getStudentByTeacherId" column="id"/>
    </resultMap>

    <select id="getStudentByTeacherId" resultType="Student">
        select * from mybatis.student where tid = #{tid}
    </select>

3. 测试（MyTest）

    @Test
    public void test2(){
        SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();

        TeacherMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class);
        Teacher teacher = mapper.getTeacher2(1);

            System.out.println(teacher);

        sqlSession.close();

    }

4.测试结果

小结

1. 关联-association 【多对一】
2. 集合-collection 【一对多】
3. 所以association是用于一对一和多对一，而collection是用于一对多的关系
4. JavaType和ofType都是用来指定对象类型的

• JavaType是用来指定pojo中属性的类型
• ofType指定的是映射到list集合属性中pojo的类型。

注意说明

1. 保证SQL的可读性，尽量通俗易懂
2. 根据实际要求，尽量编写性能更高的SQL语句
3. 注意属性名和字段不一致的问题
4. 注意一对多和多对一 中：字段和属性对应的问题
5. 尽量使用Log4j，通过日志来查看自己的错误