第十四篇 python if语句用法以及测试条件

心得:对自己的无知划一个圆满的句号,因为你发现了成长的乐趣,这或许也是一种享受,向着自己的目标一点一点的接近.

if语句用法:
看看实例吧,一句话总结,符合条件就执行结果

fruits=["apple","orange","pear","watermelon"]       #列表
for fruit in fruits:        
	if fruit=="pear":
		print(fruit.upper())
	else:
		print(fruit)
输出:
tianjain@tianjain-TM1701:~$ python3 test.py 
apple
orange
PEAR
watermelon

每次看到冒号,下一行得缩进,一个完整的if语句包含的可发生情况为100%,条件测试的核心就是,if之后语句是否为True,为True就执行缩进的语句,False就执行,else缩进语句.

一个等号代表赋值 =
两个等号代表判断 ==

判断不相等

>>> if "apple" != "pear":
... 	print("not equal")
输出
not equal

比较数字:
数字比较书写比较简单形象:
= 等于
> 大于
< 小于
>= 大于等于
<= 小于等于

>>> 33 > 30
True
>>> 30<=30
True

每一种判断都会返回对应的bool值

and
同时成立用and

>>> 33>30 and 30<=30
True

or
至少有一种条件成立

>>> 33 >30 or 30<=28
True

in
判断元素是否在列表内

fruits=["apple","orange","pear","watermelon"]
if "apple" in fruits:
	print("pass")
输出:
pass

not in
判断元素不在列表内

fruits=["apple","orange","pear","watermelon"]
if "water" not in fruits:
	print("pass")
输出
pass

if-elif-else语句:

每次if语句只能执行一种情况

fruits=["apple","orange","pear","watermelon"]
for fruit in fruits:
	if fruit=="pear":
		print(fruit.upper())     #全部大写
	elif fruit=="apple":
		print(fruit.title())  #首字母大写
	else:
		print(fruit)
输出:
tianjain@tianjain-TM1701:~$ python3 test.py 
Apple
orange
PEAR
watermelon

测试多个条件
当存在多种情况同时存在时,可以使用这种方式:

fruits=["apple","orange","pear","watermelon"]
for fruit in fruits:
	if fruit=="pear":
		print(fruit.upper()+" 0")
	if fruit=="pear":
		print(fruit+" 1")
	if fruit=="pear":
		print(fruit+" 2")
输出:
tianjain@tianjain-TM1701:~$ python3 test.py 
PEAR 0
pear 1
pear 2

小练习:
1.建一个数字列表,遍历列表,按照英文格式依次输出1st,2nd,3rd,4th,5th…

lis=[1,2,3,4,5]
for i in lis:
	if i==1:
		print(str(i)+"st")
	elif i==2:
		print(str(i)+"nd")
	elif i==3:
		print(str(i)+"rd")
	elif i>=4:
		print(str(i)+"th")
输出:
tianjain@tianjain-TM1701:~$ python3 test.py 
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th

2.写一个石头剪刀布的小游戏,你输入,电脑随机输入并比较,返回结果:

import random
my_word=input("请输入你的值,1.石头,2.剪刀,3.布")

com_word=random.choice(["1","2","3"])
if my_word == com_word:
	print("平手")
elif (my_word == 1 and com_word == 2) or (my_word == 2 and com_word == 3) or (my_word == 3 and com_word == 1):
	print("你赢了")
else:
	print("你输了")
输出:
tianjain@tianjain-TM1701:~$ python3 test.py 
请输入你的值,1.石头,2.剪刀,3.布2
平手

总结:
if语句重点在于判断条件的成立与不成立情况