一、条件表达式筛选
1:查询工资>12000的员工信息
SELECT * FROM t_mysql_employees WHERE salary>12000;
2:查询部门编号不等于90号的员工名和部门编号:
SELECT last_name,department_id FROM t_mysql_employees WHERE department_id<>90;
二、逻辑表达式筛选
1:查询工资z在10000到20000之间的员工名、工资以及奖金:
SELECT last_name,salary,commission_pct FROM t_mysql_employees WHERE salary>=10000 AND salary<=20000;
2:查询部门编号不是在90到110之间,或者工资高于15000的员工信息:
SELECT * FROM t_mysql_employees WHERE NOT(department_id>=90 AND department_id<=110) OR salary>15000;
三、模糊查询
1、like
特点:一般搭配通配符(% , _)使用
1:查询员工名中包含字符a的员工信息
select * from employees where last_name like '%a%';#abc
2:查询员工名中第三个字符为e,第五个字符为a的员工名和工资
select last_name,salary FROM t_mysql_employees WHERE last_name LIKE '__n_l%';
3:查询员工名中第二个字符为_的员工名
SELECT last_name FROM t_mysql_employees WHERE last_name LIKE '_$_%' ESCAPE '$';
2、between and
1:查询员工编号在100到120之间的员工信息
①、SELECT * FROM t_mysql_employees WHERE employee_id <= 120 AND employee_id>=100;
②、SELECT * FROM t_mysql_employees WHERE employee_id BETWEEN 100 AND 120;
3.in
含义:判断某字段的值是否属于in列表中的某一项
特点:
①使用in提高语句简洁度
②in列表的值类型必须一致或兼容
③in列表中不支持通配符
1、查询员工的工种编号是 IT_PROG、AD_VP、AD_PRES中的一个员工名和工种编号
①、SELECT last_name,job_id FROM t_mysql_employees WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROT' OR job_id = 'AD_VP' OR JOB_ID ='AD_PRES';
②、SELECT last_name,job_id FROM t_mysql_employees WHERE job_id IN( 'IT_PROT' ,'AD_VP','AD_PRES');
4、is null
=或<>不能用于判断null值
is null或is not null或 可以判断null值
1:查询没有奖金的员工名和奖金率
SELECT last_name,commission_pct FROM t_mysql_employees WHERE commission_pct IS NULL;
2:查询有奖金的员工名和奖金率
SELECT last_name,commission_pct FROM t_mysql_employees WHERE commission_pct IS not NULL;
安全等于 <=>
1:查询没有奖金的员工名和奖金率
SELECT last_name,commission_pct FROM t_mysql_employees WHERE commission_pct <=>NULL;
2:查询工资为12000的员工信息
SELECT last_name,salary FROM t_mysql_employees WHERE salary <=> 12000;
四、排序
order by 子句
特点:
1、asc代表的是升序,可以省略
desc代表的是降序
2、order by子句可以支持 单个字段、别名、表达式、函数、多个字段
3、order by子句在查询语句的最后面,除了limit子句
1、按单个字段排序
SELECT * FROM 表名 ORDER BY 字段名 DESC;
2、添加筛选条件再排序
查询某字段>=90的信息,并按该信息降序
SELECT * FROM 表名 WHERE 字段名>=90 ORDER BY 字段名 DESC;
3、按表达式排序
查询员工信息 按年薪降序
SELECT *,salary*12*(1+IFNULL(commission_pct,0)) FROM t_mysql_employees ORDER BY salary*12*(1+IFNULL(commission_pct,0)) DESC;
4、按别名排序
查询员工信息 按年薪升序
SELECT *,salary*12*(1+IFNULL(commission_pct,0)) 年薪 FROM t_mysql_employees ORDER BY 年薪 ASC;
5、按函数排序
查询员工名,并且按名字的长度降序
SELECT LENGTH(last_name),last_name FROM t_mysql_employees ORDER BY LENGTH(last_name) DESC;
6、按多个字段排序
查询员工信息,要求先按工资降序,再按employee_id升序
SELECT * FROM t_mysql_employees ORDER BY salary DESC,employee_id ASC;
分组查询
1、概念
分组函数作用于一组数据,并对一组数据返回一个值。
2、组函数类型
功能:用作统计使用,又称为聚合函数或统计函数或组函数
分类:
sum 求和、avg 平均值、max 最大值 、min 最小值 、count 计算个数
特点:
1、sum、avg一般用于处理数值型
max、min、count可以处理任何类型
2、以上分组函数都忽略null值
3、可以和distinct搭配实现去重的运算
4、count函数的单独介绍
一般使用count(*)用作统计行数
5、和分组函数一同查询的字段要求是group by后的字段
1、简单 的使用
SELECT SUM(salary) FROM t_mysql_employees;
SELECT AVG(salary) FROM t_mysql_employees;
SELECT MIN(salary) FROM t_mysql_employees;
SELECT MAX(salary) FROM t_mysql_employees;
SELECT COUNT(salary) FROM t_mysql_employees;
SELECT SUM(salary) 和,AVG(salary) 平均,MAX(salary) 最高,MIN(salary) 最低,COUNT(salary) 个数 FROM t_mysql_employees;
SELECT SUM(salary) 和,ROUND(AVG(salary),2) 平均,MAX(salary) 最高,MIN(salary) 最低,COUNT(salary) 个数 FROM t_mysql_employees;
2、参数支持哪些类型
SELECT SUM(last_name) ,AVG(last_name) FROM t_mysql_employees;
SELECT SUM(hiredate) ,AVG(hiredate) FROM t_mysql_employees;
SELECT MAX(last_name),MIN(last_name) FROM t_mysql_employees;
SELECT MAX(hiredate),MIN(hiredate) FROM t_mysql_employees;
SELECT COUNT(commission_pct) FROM t_mysql_employees;
SELECT COUNT(last_name) FROM t_mysql_employees;
3、是否忽略null
SELECT SUM(commission_pct) ,AVG(commission_pct),SUM(commission_pct)/35,SUM(commission_pct)/107 FROM t_mysql_employees;
SELECT MAX(commission_pct) ,MIN(commission_pct) FROM t_mysql_employees;
SELECT COUNT(commission_pct) FROM t_mysql_employees;
SELECT commission_pct FROM t_mysql_employees;
4、和distinct搭配
SELECT SUM(DISTINCT salary),SUM(salary) FROM t_mysql_employees;
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT salary),COUNT(salary) FROM t_mysql_employees;
5、count函数的详细介绍
SELECT COUNT(salary) FROM t_mysql_employees;
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t_mysql_employees;
SELECT COUNT(1) FROM t_mysql_employees;
6、和分组函数一同查询的字段有限制,employee_id是最小的那个
SELECT AVG(salary),employee_id FROM t_mysql_employees;
3、Group by子句
4、非法使用组函数
5、过滤分组Having 子句
特点:
1、和分组函数一同查询的字段必须是group by后出现的字段
2、筛选分为两类:分组前筛选和分组后筛选
针对的表 位置 连接的关键字
分组前筛选 原始表 group by前 where
分组后筛选 group by后的结果集 group by后 having
3、分组可以按单个字段也可以按多个字段
4、可以搭配着排序使用
1、简单的分组
1:查询每个工种的员工平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),job_id FROM t_mysql_employees GROUP BY job_id;
2:查询每个位置的部门个数
SELECT COUNT(*),location_id FROM t_mysql_departments GROUP BY location_id;
2、可以实现分组前的筛选
1、查询邮箱中包含a字符的 每个部门的最高工资
SELECT MAX(salary),department_id FROM t_mysql_employees WHERE email LIKE '%a%' GROUP BY department_id;
2:查询有奖金的每个领导手下员工的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),manager_id FROM t_mysql_employees WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL GROUP BY manager_id;
3、分组后筛选
1:查询哪个部门的员工个数>5
①查询每个部门的员工个数
SELECT COUNT(*),department_id FROM t_mysql_employees GROUP BY department_id;
② 筛选刚才①结果
SELECT COUNT(*),department_id FROM t_mysql_employees GROUP BY department_id HAVING COUNT(*)>5;
2:每个工种有奖金的员工的最高工资>12000的工种编号和最高工资
SELECT job_id,MAX(salary) FROM t_mysql_employees WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL GROUP BY job_id HAVING MAX(salary)>12000;
3:领导编号>102的每个领导手下的最低工资大于5000的领导编号和最低工资
SELECT manager_id,MIN(salary) FROM t_mysql_employees GROUP BY manager_id HAVING MIN(salary)>5000;
4.添加排序
1:每个工种有奖金的员工的最高工资>6000的工种编号和最高工资,按最高工资升序
SELECT job_id,MAX(salary) m FROM t_mysql_employees WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL GROUP BY job_id HAVING m>6000 ORDER BY m ;
5.按多个字段分组
1:查询每个工种每个部门的最低工资,并按最低工资降序
SELECT MIN(salary),job_id,department_id FROM t_mysql_employees GROUP BY department_id,job_id ORDER BY MIN(salary) DESC;