RabbitMQ

安装RabbitMQ

  • docker拉取镜像
docker pull rabbitmq:management
  • 运行容器
docker run -d --hostname my-rabbit --name some-rabbit -p 5672:5672 -p 15672:15672 rabbitmq:management
  • 浏览器访问
    在这里插入图片描述
    默认超级用户 guest guest

入门实例

导入依赖

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
            <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.10</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.17</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

编写工具类(获取连接)

public class ConnectionUtils {
    /**
     * 获取MQ的连接
     * @return
     */
    public static Connection getConnection() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //定义一个连接工厂
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();

        //设置服务地址
        factory.setHost("192.168.188.172");

        //AMQP 5672
        factory.setPort(5672);

        //vhost
        factory.setVirtualHost("/vhost_xiaowen");

        //用户名
        factory.setUsername("root");

        //密码
        factory.setPassword("1234");

        return factory.newConnection();

    }   

简单队列(一个生产者,一个消费者)

编写生产者

public class Producer {

   private static final String QUEUE_NAME="my_first_queue";

   public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
       //获取连接
       Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();

       //从连接中获取一个通道
       Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

       //创建队列声明
       channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);

       String message = "hello rabbitmq";

       channel.basicPublish("",QUEUE_NAME,null,message.getBytes());
       System.out.println("发送一条消息:" + message);
       //释放资源
       channel.close();
       connection.close();
   }
}

编写接收者

public class Receiver {

    private static final String QUEUE_NAME="my_first_queue";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {

        //获取连接
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();

        //从连接中获取通道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //队列声明
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);

        DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String message = new String(body, "utf-8");
                System.out.println("接受一条消息" + message);
            }
        };

        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,true,consumer);

    }

}

不足

耦合性高,生产者一一对应消费者,如果想多个消费者消费队列中的消息就不行了,队列名变更的话,要同时变更

Work queue工作队列(一对多)

编写生产者

public class Producer {

    private static final String QUEUE_NAME="my_first_queue";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException {
        //获取连接
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();

        //从连接中获取一个通道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //创建队列声明
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);

        for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
            String message = "hello rabbitmq"+ i;
            channel.basicPublish("",QUEUE_NAME,null,message.getBytes());
            System.out.println("send:" + message);
            Thread.sleep(i*20);
        }
        //释放资源
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

编写消费者

  • 消费者一
public class Receiver1 {

    private static final String QUEUE_NAME="my_first_queue";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {

        //获取连接
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();

        //从连接中获取通道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //队列声明
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);

        DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String message = new String(body, "utf-8");
                System.out.println("Receiver [1]:" + message);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(2000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    System.out.println("Receiver [1]: done");
                }
            }
        };

        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,true,consumer);
    }

}
  • 消费者二
public class Receiver2 {

    private static final String QUEUE_NAME="my_first_queue";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {

        //获取连接
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();

        //从连接中获取通道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //队列声明
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);

        DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String message = new String(body, "utf-8");
                System.out.println("Receiver [2]:" + message);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(2000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    System.out.println("Receiver [2]: done");
                }
            }
        };

        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,true,consumer);
    }

}

现象

在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述
消费者1并没有因为sleep时间比消费者2长而漏收或少收到消息
这种方式叫做轮询分发(round-robin)

公平分发fair dispatch

使用公平分发必须关闭自动应答-autoACK,并且要手动回执

编写生产者

public class Producer {

    private static final String QUEUE_NAME="my_first_queue";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException {
        //获取连接
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();

        //从连接中获取一个通道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //创建队列声明
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);

        /**
         * 每个消费者发送确认消息之前,消息队列不发送下一个消息到消费者,一次只处理要给消息
         * 限制发送个同一个消费者,不得超过一条消息
         */
        int prefetchCount = 1;
        channel.basicQos(prefetchCount);

        for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
            String message = "hello rabbitmq"+ i;
            channel.basicPublish("",QUEUE_NAME,null,message.getBytes());
            System.out.println("send:" + message);
            Thread.sleep(i*10);
        }
        //释放资源
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }

编写消费者

  • 消费者一
public class Receiver1 {

    private static final String QUEUE_NAME="my_first_queue";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {

        //获取连接
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();

        //从连接中获取通道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //队列声明
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);

        channel.basicQos(1);//保证一次只分发一个

        DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String message = new String(body, "utf-8");
                System.out.println("Receiver [1]:" + message);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(2000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    System.out.println("Receiver [1]: done");
                    //手动回执
                    channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);
                }
            }
        };

        boolean autoACK = false;//自动应答
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,autoACK,consumer);
    }

}

  • 消费者二
public class Receiver2 {

    private static final String QUEUE_NAME="my_first_queue";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {

        //获取连接
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();

        //从连接中获取通道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //队列声明
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);


        channel.basicQos(1);//保证一次只分发一个

        DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String message = new String(body, "utf-8");
                System.out.println("Receiver [2]:" + message);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    System.out.println("Receiver [2]: done");
                    //手动回执
                    channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);
                }
            }
        };

        boolean autoACK = false;//自动应答
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,autoACK,consumer);
    }

}

现象

在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述
消费者二处理的消息比消费者二多,能者多劳

事务

try {
            channel.txSelect();//开启事务
            channel.basicPublish("",QUEUE_NAME,null,message.getBytes());
            System.out.println("send:"+message);
//            int i = 1/0;
            channel.txCommit();//提交
        } catch (Exception e){
            channel.txRollback();//回滚
            System.out.println("发送失败");
        }

confirm模式

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException {
        //获取连接
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
        //获取通道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);

        String message = "confirm test";

        channel.confirmSelect();

        channel.basicPublish("",QUEUE_NAME,null, message.getBytes());

        if (!channel.waitForConfirms()) {
            System.out.println("send message failed");
        } else {
            System.out.println("发送消息:"+message);
        }
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
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