1,SpringDataJpa
是jpa,orm的再次封装,是spring的一个子框架
集成Jpa,让操作数据库变得更简单
2,项目导包
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>cn.itsource</groupId>
<artifactId>aisell</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>aisell Maven Webapp</name>
<!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
<url>http://www.example.com</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
**//下面引用的版本** <org.springframework.version>4.2.5.RELEASE</org.springframework.version>
<org.hibernate.version>4.3.8.Final</org.hibernate.version>
<spring-data-jpa.version>1.9.0.RELEASE</spring-data-jpa.version>
<com.fasterxml.jackson.version>2.5.0</com.fasterxml.jackson.version>
<org.slf4j.version>1.6.1</org.slf4j.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
**<!-- Spring的支持核心包 -->**
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 上下文支持包(帮我们集成:模板,邮件,任务调度...) -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
//支持aop 的织入包,切入包
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
//spring测试的包
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 引入web前端的支持 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
// spring MVC支持包
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- SpringMCV上传需要用到io包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 文件上传用到的包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.2.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- SpringMVC的json支持包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>${com.fasterxml.jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
<version>${com.fasterxml.jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>${com.fasterxml.jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- hibernate的支持包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>${org.hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>${org.hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- SpringDataJpa的支持包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
<version>${spring-data-jpa.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- SpringData的擴展包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.wenhao</groupId>
<artifactId>jpa-spec</artifactId>
<version>3.1.1</version>
<!-- 把所有的依賴都去掉 -->
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>*</groupId>
<artifactId>*</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
<version>1.2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.6</version>
</dependency>
<!--lang3:工具包 java.lang.-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.5</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 測試包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<!-- 这个scope 只能作用在编译和测试时,同时没有传递性。表示在运行的时候不添加此jar文件 -->
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 日志文件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${org.slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${org.slf4j.version}</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.14</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 代码生成器模版技术 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.velocity</groupId>
<artifactId>velocity</artifactId>
<version>1.6</version>
</dependency>
<!-- shiro(权限框架)的支持包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-all</artifactId>
<version>1.4.0</version>
<type>pom</type>
</dependency>
<!-- shiro与Spring的集成包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.4.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- poi(操作办公软件)支持的jar包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi</artifactId>
<version>3.11</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
<version>3.11</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 图片压缩功能 -->
<!-- 缩略图 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>net.coobird</groupId>
<artifactId>thumbnailator</artifactId>
<version>0.4.6</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 定时调度 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>quartz</groupId>
<artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 邮件支持 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
<artifactId>mail</artifactId>
<version>1.4.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>aisell</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
<artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>8.1.15.v20140411</version>
<configuration>
<stopPort>9966</stopPort>
<stopKey>foo</stopKey>
<webAppConfig>
<contextPath>/</contextPath>
</webAppConfig>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
3,集成SpringDataJpa配置
**①JDBC.propeties**
jdbc.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql:///yxb
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123456
**②applicationContext.xml**
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
">
<!--扫描service层的类-->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.itsource.aisell.service" />
<!--
db.properties -> dataSource(配置数据源[连接池dbcp]) -> EntityManagerFactory -> dao -> service
-> 事务 -> controller(集成SpringMVC) -> easyui
-->
<!--1.读取db.properties, 注意:不要忘了加classpath-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" />
<!--2.配置dbcp连接池-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" />
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
</bean>
<!--
JPA:ORM规范 -> 很多框架实现了这个规范(hibernate,openjpa,toplink,...)
3.配置EntityManagerFactory对象
3.1 基本配置都是写在Spring中(四大金刚,建表策略,方言,是否显示SQL)
3.2 Spring来创建这个对象(准备一个domain,如果运行的时候创建了表,就代表这个对象是成功的)
alt+insert -> JPA -> LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean
ctrl+t/f4 : 有办法看结构
-->
<bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<!--扫描JPA支持的注解-->
<property name="packagesToScan" value="cn.itsource.aisell.domain" />
<!--
告诉Spring我们使用的是哪一个框架来完成JPA规范
这里就需要我们配置一个适配器
jpaVendorAdapter:JPA需要配置的适配器(我们会选择hibernate)
-->
<property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
<!--方言-->
<property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" />
<!--
建表策略(已经有表有数据,不要删除了)
-->
<property name="generateDdl" value="false" />
<!--是否显示sql-->
<property name="showSql" value="true" />
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
<!--4.加上事务-->
<!--4.1 准备事务管理器-->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
</bean>
<!--4.2 开启(注解)事务支持-->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />
</beans>
③抽取domain(父类)
BaseDomain
jpa中父类domain必需要加上:@MappedSuperclass
/**
- 泛化:继承关系
- 在我们JPA,如果要抽取一个父类,就必需加上 @MappedSuperclass
- 非常明确定的告诉JPA,这是一个用于映射的父类
*/
@MappedSuperclass
public class BaseDomain {
@Id
@GeneratedValue
protected Long id;
//getter,setter ...
}
Employeee
@Entity
@Table(name = "employee")
public class Employee extends BaseDomain {
private String username;
private String password;
private Integer age;
private String email;
//getter,setter ...
}
④扫描repository
repository 就是咱们过去的dao
<beans xmlns=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans”
…
xmlns:jpa=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa”
xmlns:xsi=“http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance”
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
…
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd
">
…
<!-- 让SpringDataJpa去扫描repository -->
<jpa:repositories base-package="cn.itsource.aisell.repository"
entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"
transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager" />
4,CRUD
4.1 基本的CRUD
查询所有:employeeRepository.findAll()
查询一条数据: employeeRepository.findOne(1L)
思考题: findOne与getOne的区别?,geOne是查代理模式的
添加/修改: employeeRepository.save(employee)
主要看数据库中是否有这个值
删除 : employeeRepository.delete(274L)
4.2 分页和排序
4.2.1 排序
/**
- 排序对象
- 第一个参数:排序的类型(DESC升序还是默认ASD降序)
- 第二个参数:排序的属性
*/
Sort sort = new Sort(**Sort.Direction.DESC**,**"age"**);
List<Employee> list = employeeRepository.**findAll**(sort);
list.forEach(e-> System.out.println(e));
4.2.2 分页
注:这里的分页是从0开始的
/**
- page:第几页(0就是第1页)
- size:每页条数
*/
*Pageable** pageable = new **PageReques**t(0,10);
//分页对象
Page<Employee> list = employeeRepository.findAll(pageable);
list.forEach(e-> System.out.println(e));
4.2.3 分页+排序
Sort sort = new Sort(Sort.Direction.DESC,"age");
/**
* page:第几页(0就是第1页)
* size:每页条数
* sort:排序对象
*/
Pageable pageable = new PageRequest(0,10,sort);
//分页对象
Page<Employee> list = employeeRepository.findAll(pageable);
list.forEach(e-> System.out.println(e));
4.3 名称规则(根据条件进行查询)
/**
- 根据规范(SpringDataJpa)写方法名,就可以进行查询
- @param username
- @return
- username =?
*/
//根据用户名查询一个员工
Employee findByUsername(String username);
//用户名模糊查询 username like ?
List<Employee> findByUsernameLike(String username);
//用户名与邮件模糊查询 username like ? and email like ?
List<Employee> findByUsernameLikeAndEmailLike(String username,String email);
4.4 Query注解查询
//根据用户名获取用户
@Query("select o from Employee o where o.username =?1")
Employee query01(String username);
//用户名与邮件模糊查询 username like ? and email like ?
@Query("select o from Employee o where o.username like ?1 and o.email like ?2")
List<Employee> query02(String username,String email);
// @Query("select o from Employee o where o.username like :username and o.email like :email")
// List<Employee> query02(@Param("username") String username,@Param("email") String email);
//直接写原生的SQL
@Query(**nativeQuery=true**,value="select * from employee")
List<Employee> query03();
5,JpaSpecificationExecutor
是一个JPA的规范执行者
JPA2.0提供的Criteria API的使用封装
需要咱们的的repository继承JpaSpecificationExecutor接口
interface EmployeeRepository extends JpaRepository<Employee,Long>,JpaSpecificationExecutor
5.1 最简单的查询
@Test
public void testJpaSpecificationExecutor01() throws Exception{
/**
* 这里的查询我们需要自己去定义规则:Specification
/
List list = employeeRepository.findAll(new Specification() {
/*
* 这个方法就是帮咱们创建规则的方法,只要把这个方法搞定,咱们就可以完成查询了
* @param root(根) : 代表了可以查询和操作的实体对象的根
* 可以帮助我们获取到实体对应的字段
* @param query(查询) : 代表一个specific的顶层查询对象
* 包含查询的各个部分,比如select,from,where,group by ,order by 等
* 还可以支持and ,or的功能
* @param cb :用来构建CriteriaQuery的构建器对象(相当于条件或者说条件组合)
* 主要判断关系(和这个字段是相等,大于,小于like等)
* 支持 and,or的功能
* @return Predicate:表明; 阐明; 断言
* 你把它当成 where username like ? and email like ? and age > ? …
*/
@Override
public Predicate toPredicate(Root<Employee> root, CriteriaQuery<?> query, CriteriaBuilder cb) {
//1.拿到Employee中的username字段
Path usernamePath = root.get("username");
//2.加上字段的判断关系
// 参数1:字段(表达式) 2.值
Predicate p1 = cb.like(usernamePath, "%1%");
return p1;
}
});
list.forEach(e-> System.out.println(e));
}
5.2 多个条件查询
@Test
public void testJpaSpecificationExecutor02() throws Exception{
//Specification:查询规则
List<Employee> list = employeeRepository.findAll(new Specification<Employee>() {
// root:拿到字段(表达式) cb:设置条件(>,<,=,like),and/or
@Override
public Predicate toPredicate(Root<Employee> root, CriteriaQuery<?> query, CriteriaBuilder cb) {
//拿到username并设置条件
Path usernamePath = root.get("username");
Predicate p1 = cb.like(usernamePath, "%1%");
//拿到email并设置条件
Path emailPath = root.get("email");
Predicate p2 = cb.like(emailPath, "%2%");
//拿到age并设置条件 gt/lt:大于/小于 ge/le:大于等于/小等等于
Path agePath = root.get("age");
Predicate p3 = cb.gt(agePath, 18);
//把条件结合起来
return cb.and(p1, p2, p3);
}
});
list.forEach(e-> System.out.println(e));
}
5.3 查询+分页+排序
/**
* 高级查询加分页
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void testJpaSpecificationExecutor03() throws Exception{
//创建一个分页对象
Pageable pageable = new PageRequest(1,10);
//分页+高级查询
Page<Employee> page = employeeRepository.findAll(new Specification<Employee>() {
@Override
public Predicate toPredicate(Root<Employee> root, CriteriaQuery<?> query, CriteriaBuilder cb) {
Path usernamePath = root.get("username");
return cb.like(usernamePath, "%1%");
}
}, pageable);
page.forEach(e->System.out.println(e));
}
/**
- 高级查询加分页+排序
- @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void testJpaSpecificationExecutor04() throws Exception{
Sort sort = new Sort(Sort.Direction.DESC,"age");
//创建一个分页对象
Pageable pageable = new PageRequest(0,10,sort);
//分页+高级查询
Page<Employee> page = employeeRepository.findAll(new Specification<Employee>() {
@Override
public Predicate toPredicate(Root<Employee> root, CriteriaQuery<?> query, CriteriaBuilder cb) {
Path usernamePath = root.get("username");
return cb.like(usernamePath, "%1%");
}
}, pageable);
page.forEach(e->System.out.println(e));
}
6,Jpa-spec
把JpaSpecificationExecutor变得更加简单的
文档: https://github.com/wenhao/jpa-spec/blob/master/docs/3.1.0_cn.md
6.1 简单查询
注意:导的是:import com.github.wenhao.jpa.Specifications;
//jpa-spec
//完成咱们的简单查询 username like ?
@Test
public void testJpaSpec01() throws Exception{
Specification<Employee> spec = Specifications.<Employee>and()
.like("username", "%1%")
.build();
List<Employee> list = employeeRepository.findAll(spec);
list.forEach(e-> System.out.println(e));
}
6.2 多条件查询
//jpa-spec
//完成咱们的简单查询 username like ? and email like ? and age>?
@Test
public void testJpaSpec02() throws Exception{
Specification<Employee> spec = Specifications.<Employee>and()
.like("username", "%1%")
.like("email","%2%")
.gt("age",18)
.build();
List<Employee> list = employeeRepository.findAll(spec);
list.forEach(e-> System.out.println(e));
}
6.3 多条件+分页
//jpa-spec
//完成咱们的简单查询 username like ? + 分页 + 排序
@Test
public void testJpaSpec03() throws Exception{
//创建排序对象
Sort sort = new Sort(Sort.Direction.DESC,"age");
//创建分页对象
Pageable pageable = new PageRequest(0,10,sort);
//规则对象(查询条件)
Specification<Employee> spec = Specifications.<Employee>and()
.like("username", "%1%")
.build();
//功能执行
Page<Employee> page = employeeRepository.findAll(spec, pageable);
page.forEach(e-> System.out.println(e));
}
7,Query抽取
Query是咱们的查询对象
7.1 BaseQuery
有经验的人都会创建父类
方便扩展
公共的代码
制定规范
目前咱们Query需要做的
四个字段(currrentPage,pageSize,orderType,orderName)
让每个子类都有一个:createSpec()
创建一个order对象
解决了传过来的是当前页从1开始(SpringDataJpa是从0开始计算)
/**
- 父类的作用:
- 1.提供一些公共的属性的方法(少写代码)
- 2.对子类形成相应的规范
- 3.为了以后代码的扩展性
*/
public abstract class BaseQuery {
//分页 -> 当前第几页
private int currentPage=1;
//分页 -> 每页条数
private int pageSize=10;
//排序 -> 排序的类型 true(DESC)/false(ASC)
private boolean orderType;
//排序 -> 排序的字段 -> 如果这个字段为null,就代表不排序
private String orderName;
//创建排序对象
public Sort createSort(){
if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(orderName)){
//orderName有值才做排序
Sort sort = new Sort(orderType?Sort.Direction.DESC:Sort.Direction.ASC,orderName);
return sort;
}
return null;
}
//要求只要继承了我,就必需有一个方法叫:createSpec()
public abstract Specification createSpec();
public int getJpaPage() {
return currentPage-1;
}
//getter,setter....
}
7.2 EmployeeQuery
设置当前对应的Domain的特有查询字段
实现 createSpec()
/**
- 员工查询
*/
public class EmployeeQuery extends BaseQuery {
//用户名
private String username;
//邮件
private String email;
//年龄
private Integer age;
//查询的规则应该在查询对象中来创建
@Override
public Specification createSpec(){
Specification<Employee> specification = Specifications.<Employee>and()
.like(StringUtils.isNotBlank(username), "username", "%" + username + "%")
.like(StringUtils.isNotBlank(email), "email", "%" + email + "%")
.gt(age != null, "age", age)
.build();
return specification;
}
//getter,setter...
}
7.3 测试
/**
- 有Query的查询
- @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void testJpaSpec04() throws Exception{
//以后咱们的查询数据是从前台传过来的,就会生成EmployeeQuery对象
EmployeeQuery query = new EmployeeQuery();
// query.setUsername("1");
// query.setEmail("2");
// query.setAge(18);
query.setOrderName("age");
query.setOrderType(true);
//创建排序对象
Sort sort = query.createSort();
//创建分页对象(分页对象从前台传过来)
Pageable pageable = new PageRequest(query.getJpaPage(),query.getPageSize(),sort);
//规则对象(查询条件)
Specification<Employee> spec = query.createSpec();
//功能执行
Page<Employee> page = employeeRepository.findAll(spec, pageable);
page.forEach(e-> System.out.println(e));
}
/**
- 关于Employee对象的CRUD(分页排序) 就写完了
- 泛型一:对哪一个实体做CRUD
- 泛型二:主键的类型
*/
public interface EmployeeRepository extends JpaRepository<Employee,Long> {
…
}