线程同步方法

两个人去取钱，已知卡里余额100000，每人都要取10000

package org.example;

import java.util.Date;

public class ThreadTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final Account account = new Account("ICBC",100000);
        //创建两个线程
        new DeawThread(account,"1号").start();
        new DeawThread(account,"2号").start();
    }
}

package org.example;

public class DeawThread extends Thread{
   private Account account;
   public DeawThread(Account account,String name){
       super(name);
       this.account = account;
   }
   public void run(){
        account.drawMoney(100000);
   }
}

 

package org.example;

public class Account {
    private String cardId;
    private double money;

    public String getCardId() {
        return cardId;
    }

    public void setCardId(String cardId) {
        this.cardId = cardId;
    }

    public double getMoney() {
        return money;
    }

    public void setMoney(double money) {
        this.money = money;
    }

    public Account(String cardId, double money) {
        this.cardId = cardId;
        this.money = money;
    }

    public Account() {
    }
    public void drawMoney(double money) {
        //获取当前线程名称
        final String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
        //判断余额是否足够
        if(this.money >=money){
            System.out.println(name+"来取钱"+money+"成功");
            this.money-=money;
            System.out.println(name+"取钱后余额："+this.money);
        }else{
            System.out.println(name+"来取钱，余额不足");
        }
    }
}

 

上面执行结果显然是不对的，如何解决？

一.同步代码块

作用：把访问共享资源的核心代码上锁来保证线程安全

synchronized(同步锁){

        访问共享资源的核心代码

}

原理：每次只允许一个线程加锁后进入，执行完毕后解锁，其他线程才能够进入

注意事项：对于当前同时执行的线程来说，同步锁必须是同一把

我们只需要给Account类中取现代码放在同步代码块中 

1.代码 

 public void drawMoney(double money) {
        //获取当前线程名称
        final String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
        //判断余额是否足够,this代表共享资源
        synchronized (this) {
            if(this.money >=money){
                System.out.println(name+"来取钱"+money+"成功");
                this.money-=money;
                System.out.println(name+"取钱后余额："+this.money);
            }else{
                System.out.println(name+"来取钱，余额不足");
            }
        }
    }

2.结果

对于两个账户各取各卡的钱

 3.代码

package org.example;

import java.util.Date;

public class ThreadTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final Account account = new Account("ICBC111",100000);
        //创建两个线程
        new DeawThread(account,"1号").start();
        new DeawThread(account,"2号").start();

        final Account account1 = new Account("ICBC112",200000);
        //创建两个线程
        new DeawThread(account1,"3号").start();
        new DeawThread(account1,"4号").start();
    }
}

package org.example;

public class Account {
    private String cardId;
    private double money;

    public String getCardId() {
        return cardId;
    }

    public void setCardId(String cardId) {
        this.cardId = cardId;
    }

    public double getMoney() {
        return money;
    }

    public void setMoney(double money) {
        this.money = money;
    }

    public Account(String cardId, double money) {
        this.cardId = cardId;
        this.money = money;
    }

    public Account() {
    }
    public void drawMoney(double money) {
        //获取当前线程名称
        final String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
        //判断余额是否足够
        synchronized (this) {
            if(this.money >=money){
                System.out.println(name+"来取钱"+money+"成功");
                this.money-=money;
                System.out.println(name+"取钱后余额："+this.money);
            }else{
                System.out.println(name+"来取钱，余额不足");
            }
        }
    }
}

package org.example;

public class DeawThread extends Thread{
   private Account account;
   public DeawThread(Account account,String name){
       super(name);
       this.account = account;
   }
   public void run(){
        account.drawMoney(100000);
   }
}

 4.结果

 5.对于静态方法

  public static void test(){
        synchronized (Account.class){
            //用类名.class
        }
    }

二.同步方法

修饰符 synchronized 返回类型 方法名称（形参列表）{

        共享资源代码

}

1.代码

 public synchronized void drawMoney(double money) {
        //获取当前线程名称
        final String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
        //判断余额是否足够
            if(this.money >=money){
                System.out.println(name+"来取钱"+money+"成功");
                this.money-=money;
                System.out.println(name+"取钱后余额："+this.money);
            }else{
                System.out.println(name+"来取钱，余额不足");
            }
    }

三.LOCK锁

Lock锁是DK5开始提供的一个新的锁定操作，通过它可以创建出锁对象进行加锁和解锁，更灵活、更方便、更强大。
Lock是接口，不能直接实例化，可以采用它的实现类ReentrantLock来构建Lock锁对象。

1.代码

  private  final Lock lk = new ReentrantLock();
    public  void drawMoney(double money) {
        //获取当前线程名称
        final String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
        lk.lock();
        try {
            //判断余额是否足够
            if(this.money >=money){
                System.out.println(name+"来取钱"+money+"成功");
                this.money-=money;
                System.out.println(name+"取钱后余额："+this.money);
            }else{
                System.out.println(name+"来取钱，余额不足");
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
           e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lk.unlock();
        }

    }

 2.结果