cobbler

最新推荐文章于 2022-02-23 20:03:17 发布
最新推荐文章于 2022-02-23 20:03:17 发布
阅读量207 收藏
点赞数
分类专栏： Linux系统
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接和本声明。
本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45670403/article/details/103864359
版权

文章目录

cobbler简介

Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务，可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还可以管理DHCP，DNS等。

Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web)，还提供了API接口，可以方便二次开发使用。

Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版，优点是比较容易配置，还自带web界面比较易于管理。

Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统，但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成，如Puppet，暂时不支持SaltStack。

cobbler集成的服务

  • PXE服务支持
  • DHCP服务管理
  • DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)
  • 电源管理
  • Kickstart服务支持
  • YUM仓库管理
  • TFTP(PXE启动时需要)
  • Apache(提供kickstart的安装源，并提供定制化的kickstart配置)

cobbler配置文件详解
cobbler配置文件目录在/etc/cobbler

配置文件作用
/etc/cobbler/settingscobbler 主配置文件
/etc/cobbler/iso/iso模板配置文件
/etc/cobbler/pxepxe模板配置文件
/etc/cobbler/power电源配置文件
/etc/cobbler/user.confweb服务授权配置文件
/etc/cobbler/users.digestweb访问的用户名密码配置文件
/etc/cobbler/dhcp.templatedhcp服务器的的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.templatedns服务器的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/tftpd.templatetftp服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf模块的配置文件

cobbler数据目录

目录作用
/var/lib/cobbler/config/用于存放distros，system，profiles等信息配置文件
/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/用于存放用户定义的cobbler命令
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstart/默认存放kickstart文件
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/存放各种引导程序以及镜像目录
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/导入的发行版系统的所有数据
/var/www/cobbler/images/导入发行版的kernel和initrd镜像用于远程网络启动
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/yum仓库存储目录

cobbler日志文件

日志文件路径说明
/var/log/cobbler/installing客户端安装日志
/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.logcobbler日志

cobbler命令详解

cobbler check       //核对当前设置是否有问题
cobbler list        //列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report      //列出元素的详细信息
cobbler sync        //同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下
cobbler reposync    //同步yum仓库
cobbler distro      //查看导入的发行版系统信息
cobbler system      //查看添加的系统信息
cobbler profile     //查看配置信息

cobbler服务端部署

关闭防火墙及selinux

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

配置yum源

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install vim wget
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim Centos-7.repo
:%s/$releasever/7/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install epel-release

下载安装cobbler及相关软件和配置

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd dhcp tftp python-ctypes cobbler  xinetd cobbler-web pykickstart



//启动服务并设置开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable httpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable cobblerd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.



//修改 server 和 tftp IP地址为本机IP地址
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
server: 192.168.26.166
next_server: 192.168.26.166

//开启tftp
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
service tftp
{
        socket_type             = dgram
        protocol                = udp
        wait                    = yes
        user                    = root
        server                  = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
        server_args             = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
        disable                 = yes                                  //将此处改为no
        per_source              = 11
        cps                     = 100 2
        flags                   = IPv4
}



//下载缺失文件
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler get-loaders



//启动rsync并设置开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start rsyncd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service.



//生成加密密码
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" '123456'
$1$12394$8lrw2JRPFTmsKSlOSeVYW1

//将生成的密码写入到配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
default_password_crypted: "$1$12394$8lrw2JRPFTmsKSlOSeVYW1"

//重启cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -tanl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q                                       Local Address:Port                                                      Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128                                                      *:22                                                                   *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100                                              127.0.0.1:25                                                                   *:*                  
LISTEN      0      5                                                127.0.0.1:25151                                                                *:*                  
LISTEN      0      25                                                       *:514                                                                  *:*                  
LISTEN      0      5                                                        *:873                                                                  *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                     :::80                                                                  :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                     :::22                                                                  :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100                                                    ::1:25                                                                  :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                     :::443                                                                 :::*                  
LISTEN      0      25                                                      :::514                                                                 :::*                  
LISTEN      0      5                                                       :::873                                                                 :::*                  



//通过cobbler check 核对当前设置是否有问题
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

//以上两个是关于debian系统的错误，忽略不管




//配置cobbler dhcp
//修改cobbler配置文件，让cobbler控制dhcp
manage_dhcp: 0            //修改为1



//配置dhcp
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template 
subnet 192.168.26.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
     option routers             192.168.26.166;
     option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114;        //此处为系统安装好后指向的DNS地址
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
     range dynamic-bootp        192.168.26.10 192.168.26.20;
     default-lease-time         21600;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                $next_server;


//重启服务并同步配置，改完dhcp必须要sync同步配置
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync



//检查dhcp是否正常
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -anulp|grep dhcp
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:67              0.0.0.0:*                           1625/dhcpd



//导入redhat7镜像
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt --name=rhel-7 --arch=x86_64
...

//说明：
    --path      //镜像路径
    --name      //为安装源定义一个名字
    --arch      //指定安装源平台

//安装源的唯一标示就是根据name参数来定义，本例导入成功后，安装源的唯一标示就是：rhel-7-x86_64，如果重复，系统会提示导入失败


//查看cobbler镜像列表
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler list
distros:
   rhel-7-x86_64

profiles:
   rhel-7-x86_64

systems:

repos:

images:

mgmtclasses:

packages:

files:




//创建kickstarts自动安装脚本
[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks
[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks 
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
bootloader --location=mbr
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --asprimary --fstype="ext4" --size=500
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=4096
part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=15000
text
firewall --disabled
firstboot --disable
keyboard us
lang en_US
url --url=http://192.168.26.166/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64
$yum_repo_stanza
reboot

rootpw --iscrypted $1$12394$8lrw2JRPFTmsKSlOSeVYW1

selinux --disabled
skipx
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
install
zerombr

%packages
@^minimal
@core
kexec-tools

%end

%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'

%end

%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end




//检查ks文件语法是否有误
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler validateks
task started: 2020-01-06_213337_validateks
task started (id=Kickstart Validation, time=Mon Jan  6 21:33:37 2020)
----------------------------
osversion: rhel7
checking url: http://192.168.26.166/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/rhel-7-x86_64
running: /usr/bin/ksvalidator -v "rhel7" "http://192.168.26.166/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/rhel-7-x86_64"
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
*** all kickstarts seem to be ok ***
*** TASK COMPLETE ***




//查看当前cobbler有哪些配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile list
   rhel-7-x86_64




//修改profile，将我们新建的ks文件设为默认的kickstarts安装文件
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks



//配置网卡名称为传统网卡名称eth0
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'



//检查当前系统cobbler配置文件信息
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile report
Name                           : rhel-7-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : rhel-7-x86_64
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm




//同步cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2020-01-06_213723_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Mon Jan  6 21:37:23 2020)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for rhel-7-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***



//为避免发生未知问题，先把服务端所有服务重启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd cobblerd xinetd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -tanl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q                                       Local Address:Port                                                      Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128                                                      *:22                                                                   *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100                                              127.0.0.1:25                                                                   *:*                  
LISTEN      0      5                                                127.0.0.1:25151                                                                *:*                  
LISTEN      0      25                                                       *:514                                                                  *:*                  
LISTEN      0      5                                                        *:873                                                                  *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                     :::80                                                                  :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                     :::22                                                                  :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100                                                    ::1:25                                                                  :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                     :::443                                                                 :::*                  
LISTEN      0      25                                                      :::514                                                                 :::*                  
LISTEN      0      5                                                       :::873                                                                 :::*

测试是否会自动安装
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

定制安装

定制安装步骤：

  • 统计服务器mac地址
  • 配置cobbler
  • 安装
    mac地址在购买服务器的时候让供应商提供准确mac地址，在此不做赘述
    在 cobbler 的web界面上配置：
    在这里插入图片描述
    在这里插入图片描述
    在这里插入图片描述
    在这里插入图片描述
    在这里插入图片描述
    同步配置并重启相关服务：
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd cobblerd xinetd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -tanl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q                                       Local Address:Port                                                      Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128                                                      *:22                                                                   *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100                                              127.0.0.1:25                                                                   *:*                  
LISTEN      0      5                                                127.0.0.1:25151                                                                *:*                  
LISTEN      0      25                                                       *:514                                                                  *:*                  
LISTEN      0      5                                                        *:873                                                                  *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                     :::80                                                                  :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                     :::22                                                                  :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100                                                    ::1:25                                                                  :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                     :::443                                                                 :::*                  
LISTEN      0      25                                                      :::514                                                                 :::*                  
LISTEN      0      5                                                       :::873                                                                 :::*

测试是否会自动安装
在这里插入图片描述

向往黑暗
关注
  • 0
    点赞
  • 踩
  • 0
    收藏
    觉得还不错? 一键收藏
  • 0
    评论
专栏目录
cobbler sync cobblerd does not appear to be running/accessible: error(111, 'Connection refused')
一亩三分地
10-21 4638
cobbler sync同步会出现这样的错误： cobblerd does not appear to be running/accessible: error(111, 'Connection refused') 解决方法： systemctl start httpd.service  systemctl start cobblerd.service 再次执行cobbler s
cobbler sync 错误
estarhao的博客
07-21 838
cobbler sync同步会出现这样的错误： cobblerd does not appear to be running/accessible: error(111, ‘Connection refused’) 解决方法： systemctl start httpd.service systemctl start cobblerd.service 再次执行cobbler sync即解决问题
cobbler安装4个报错汇总及解决方法：ImportError
weixin_30600197的博客
05-21 921
安装完，检查cobbler：cobbler check发现这个问题ImportError: No module named yaml 具体报错如下： [root@www localdisk]# cobbler check Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/cobbler", line 18, in <module&...
Cobbler 2.8.5安装
gs096929的博客
02-06 1491
Cobbler 1、Cobbler 与 PXE 的不同点 Cobbler 是什么？ Cobbler 是红帽公司研发的基于 PXE 技术的装机服务，可以选着性安装多个不同的操作系统 Cobbler 与 PXE 如何选择？ PXE：适合环境中只需要安装同一操作系统即可，并且开机后不需介入 Cobbler：适合环境中有多种操作系统的需求，开机后需人员选择安装的操作系统版本 2、Cobbler 安装记录 实验环境要求CentOS 8：防火墙：firewalld、seliunx、设置好yum源。 1
cobbler离线安装的getLoader离线包
12-10
Cobbler 是一个自动化Linux部署系统，它简化了配置网络启动服务器、安装操作系统以及后续管理的任务。这个"getLoader离线包"是针对Cobbler 2.8.5 版本的一个工具，用于在没有互联网连接的情况下进行Cobbler的安装和...
docker-cobbler.tar.gz
08-04
docker cobbler批量部署系统容器构建脚本
cobbler-3.0.0.tar.gz
12-24
Cobbler 是一个自动化Linux部署系统，主要用于简化和加速服务器、虚拟机以及网络设备的配置和部署过程。它集成了多种工具，如PXE（预启动执行环境）、DHCP（动态主机配置协议）、DNS（域名系统）和Kickstart，允许...
linux运维笔记：自动化安装实践cobbler.docx
最新发布
10-14
Linux 运维笔记：自动化安装实践 Cobbler Cobbler 是一个 Linux 服务器安装的服务，可以通过网络启动（PXE）的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还可以管理 DHCP、DNS 等。Cobbler 可以使用命令行方式...
cobbler_loaders.tar
07-28
cobbler相关程序文件
cobbler启动是遇到了一些错误
winsonyuan的专栏
02-06 3070
cobbler启动是遇到了一些错误 (2012-10-24 11:24:16) 转载▼ 标签： it 杂谈 分类： linux命令大全 今天安装完cobbler启动是遇到了一些错误，记录下来以备不时之需 1.cobbler启动报错 [root@localhost]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd
Cobbler批量安装Ubuntu/CentOS系统
weixin_33712881的博客
01-01 247
2013-07-25    一、安装和修改cobbler配置 1. Cobbler不在CentOS的基本源中，需要导入EPEL源升级软件包, 确保epel-release包的版本为最新，当前最新版本为6-8： # rpm -Uvh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rp...
执行 cobbler get-loaders报错
weixin_30275415的博客
03-31 1334
在配置cobbler安装时执行 cobbler get-loaders报错 [root@110:~]#cobblerget-loaders Traceback(mostrecentcalllast): File"/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cobbler/utils.py",line2100,inloca...
Error 111 connecting to localhost:6379. Connection refused
FreeSpider
07-12 4073
这个原因是你的程序中用到了redis数据库，但是此时你的redis数据库服务并没有开启，所以才会报错！打开redis数据库服务就行！
cobbler在执行cobbler check时出现httpd does not appear to be running and proxying cobbler的解决方法...
weixin_33711641的博客
06-03 598
在执行cobbler check时出现下列错误[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler checkhttpd does not appear to be running and proxying cobbler, or SELinux is in the way. Original traceback:Traceback (most recent call last...
CentOS8安装Cobbler
独自陶醉
02-23 1605
因为我使用KVM虚拟机，虚拟机上ping不通外网，只能使用VSwitch，终于和外界可以通信了，为了安装cobbler，使用aliyun.com [aliyun] name=aliyun_centos8 baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 参考2. Install Guide — Cobbler 3.3.2 documentation 使用yum时不认识.
Cobbler常用安装报错汇总及解决方法
weixin_49452223的博客
09-25 1396
安装完，检查cobbler：cobbler check发现这个问题ProtocolError: <ProtocolError for 127.0.0.1:80/cobbler_api: 503 Service Unavailable> [root@www localdisk]# cobbler check Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/cobbler", line 18, in <module>
为cobbler自动化安装系统工具添加epel源
reblue520的专栏
05-27 208
关于cobbler的安装及部署，参考：CentOS 6.5自动化运维之基于cobbler服务的自动化安装操作系统详解http://blog.csdn.net/reblue520/article/details/51398512 本地源资源有限，可以添加epel源 # cobbler repo add --name=centos6.5-x86_64-epel --mir...
Cobbler：简化Linux网络安装的利器
"Cobbler工作原理及安装部署" Cobbler是一个强大的自动化Linux部署工具，它的主要目标是简化网络安装环境的配置，使得Linux系统的批量部署变得更加容易。Cobbler的工作原理是基于PXE（预启动执行环境）技术，通过...
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

个

红包个数最小为10个

元

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43元 前往充值 >
需支付：10.00元
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付元
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明：

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币，按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载，可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值